The DOI matches its Crossref record; 13 of the 13 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Temperature and pressure dependence of the rain‐snow phase transition over land and ocean
Open accessAbstract
The phase of precipitation is important for weather forecasts, land hydrology and remote sensing. To quantify the temperature and pressure dependence of snow frequency (F, in %) when precipitation occurs, we have analyzed 3‐hourly weather reports of surface air temperature (Ts, °C) and pressure (Ps), and snow and rain occurrences from over 15,000 land stations and available ship observations from 1977–2007. It is found that the phase transition occurs over a fairly wide range of temperature from about −2°C to +4°C over (low‐elevation) land and −3°C to +6°C over ocean. The F‐Ts relationship can be represented by a hyperbolic tangent: F(Ts) = a [tanh (b (Ts – c)) – d], with the slope parameter b close to 0.7 over land and 0.4 over ocean. The pressure‐dependence is only secondary and reflected in the parameters. Results show that snow occurs often (F > 50%) for Ts ≤ 1.2°C over land and Ts ≤ 1.9°C over ocean, and are non‐negligible (F > 5%) for Ts ≤ 3.8°C over land and Ts ≤ 5.5°C over ocean. This “warm bias” results from the falling of snowflakes into warmer surface layers, which is especially true over ocean. The warm bias is higher when air pressure is below ∼750 hPa because snow falls faster in thin air.
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Description of the NCAR Community Atmosphere Model (CAM 3.0)
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Self-citationGlobal Precipitation and Thunderstorm Frequencies. Part II: Diurnal Variations
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Self-citationThe Representation of Snow in Land Surface Schemes: Results from PILPS 2(d)
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Cited by
Spatial variation of the rain–snow temperature threshold across the Northern Hemisphere
Jennings, K. S., Winchell, T. S., Livneh, B., & Molotch, N. P. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-03629-7 · Cited by 444
Lute, A. C., Abatzoglou, J. T., & Hegewisch, K. C. (2015) · Water Resources Research · doi:10.1002/2014wr016267 · Cited by 121
Metadata
- Authors
- Dai, A.
- Venue
- Geophysical Research Letters
- Publisher
- American Geophysical Union (AGU)
- Published
- 2008-06-17
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 12
- ISSN
- 0094-8276 (ISSN-L)
- 1944-8007
- OpenAlex
- W1649947482
- Cited by
- 257
- References
- 13
- FWCI
- 0.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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