The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Is the climate warming or cooling?
Abstract
Numerous websites, blogs and articles in the media have claimed that the climate is no longer warming, and is now cooling. Here we show that periods of no trend or even cooling of the globally averaged surface air temperature are found in the last 34 years of the observed record, and in climate model simulations of the 20 th and 21 st century forced with increasing greenhouse gases. We show that the climate over the 21 st century can and likely will produce periods of a decade or two where the globally averaged surface air temperature shows no trend or even slight cooling in the presence of longer‐term warming.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
Plant phenology and global climate change: Current progresses and challenges
Piao, S., Liu, Q., Chen, A., Janssens, I. A., Fu, Y., Dai, J., Liu, L., Lian, X., Shen, M., & Zhu, X. (2019) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.14619 · Cited by 2,120
The Influence of Climate Change on Global Crop Productivity
Lobell, D. B., & Gourdji, S. M. (2012) · Plant Physiology · doi:10.1104/pp.112.208298 · Cited by 1,300
Tatebe, H., Ogura, T., Nitta, T., Komuro, Y., Ogochi, K., Takemura, T., Sudo, K., Sekiguchi, M., Abe, M., Saito, F., et al. (2019) · Geoscientific Model Development · doi:10.5194/gmd-12-2727-2019 · Cited by 1,121
Model-based evidence of deep-ocean heat uptake during surface-temperature hiatus periods
Meehl, G. A., Arblaster, J. M., Fasullo, J. T., Hu, A., & Trenberth, K. E. (2011) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/nclimate1229 · Cited by 707
Distinctive climate signals in reanalysis of global ocean heat content
Balmaseda, M. A., Trenberth, K. E., & Källén, E. (2013) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1002/grl.50382 · Cited by 543
Metadata
- Authors
- Easterling, D. R., & Wehner, M. F.
- Venue
- Geophysical Research Letters
- Publisher
- American Geophysical Union (AGU)
- Published
- 2009-04
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 8
- ISSN
- 0094-8276 (ISSN-L)
- 1944-8007
- OpenAlex
- W2097536848
- Cited by
- 519
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 20.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Is the climate warming or cooling? https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1029/2009gl037810
- The paper
- Easterling, D. R., & Wehner, M. F. (2009). Is the climate warming or cooling? Geophysical Research Letters. https://doi.org/10.1029/2009gl037810
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
