Primary magmas of mid‐ocean ridge basalts 2. Applications

Abstract

Variable initial mantle composition and extent of depletion during dynamic melting processes strongly influence compositions of primary basaltic magmas. The descriptions of the equilibria that pertain to melting in the upper oceanic mantle presented in the companion paper (Kinzler and Grove, this issue) are used to estimate the major element compositions and temperatures of aggregate primary magmas of mid‐ocean ridge basalt (MORB) generated in the adiabatically upwelling mantle beneath oceanic spreading centers. Primary MORB magmas with high Na 2 O abundances that are produced from more fertile mantle compositions or represent initial melts of a depleted spinel‐lherzolite have higher SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 and lower MgO, FeO, and CaO abundances, relative to low‐Na 2 O primary magmas. Na 2 O abundance variation in the mantle source during polybaric, near‐fractional melting processes causes melt compositions to vary significantly. The total extents of depletion achieved by the decompression melting process to yield the observed variation in major elements of MORB range from ∼ 6 to 18%; the range of mean pressures of melting is relatively narrow, 8–15 kbar; the total range modeled for the adiabatic, near‐fractional melting process is 4 to 25 kbar. Aggregate primary magmas of MORB are not picritic, nor do they resemble sampled primitive MORB (MORB with MgO > 9.0 wt%). Much of the variation in major element composition observed in sampled MORB can be explained by melting a similar depleted MORB‐mantle source. The ambient temperature range of the upper mantle beneath the global ridge system required to explain the observed chemical variations is 1475°–1315°C.