Sahel droughts and ENSO dynamics.
Open accessAbstract
Correlations between summer Sahel rainfall and Southern Oscillation Index has increased during the last thirty years. At high frequency time scale (periods lower than 8 years), an intertropical Atlantic zonal divergent circulation anomaly is forced by the difference of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies between the eastern equatorial parts of Pacific and Atlantic. This zonal connection worked well during most of the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events occurring after 1970; positive/negative SST anomalies in the eastern Pacific/Atlantic led to rainfall deficits over the whole West Africa. At low frequency time scale (periods greater than 8 years), positive SST anomalies in the Indian ocean and in equatorial Pacific existing after 1970 have been associated with decreasing rainfall intensity over West Africa through another zonal divergent circulation. These different time scales remote SST forcings are combined to provide a global zonal divergent circulation anomaly pattern which could explain the strong association between Sahel drought and ENSO dynamics after 1970.
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The relation between Sahelian rainfall and the Atlantic SST meridional mode was more important before 1970, during the wet Sahel period.
“The relation between the Sahelian rainfall and the so-called Atlantic SST meridional mode (Chang et al. 1997) was pointed out to be more important before 1970, during the wet Sahel period (Janicot et al. 1996;Janicot et al. 2001)”
From Tropical Atlantic variability modes (1979-2002). Part I: Time-evolving SST modes related to West African rainfall (2008) · cites this paper as Janicot et al. 1996
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Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Janicot, S., The West African monsoon of 1987 and 1988: Pacific or Atlantic signal ?, Proc. Intern. Conf. on monsoon variability and prediction, WCRP-84, WMO/TD-Nø619, 765-772, 1994.
- Janicot, S., Global sea surface temperature variability associated with West African rainfall anomaly types. Application to seasonal forecast of Sahel rainfall, Proc. 6 th Int. Meeting on Statistical Climatology, 483-486, 1995.
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Marchant, R., Mumbi, C., Behera, S., & Yamagata, T. (2007) · African Journal of Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2028.2006.00707.x · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Polo, I., Rodríguez-Fonseca, B., Losada, T., & García-Serrano, J. (2008) · Journal of Climate · doi:10.1175/2008jcli2607.1 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Mélice, J.-L., & Servain, J. (2003) · Climate Dynamics · doi:10.1007/s00382-002-0289-x · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Skill of Sahel rainfall variability in four atmospheric GCMs forced by prescribed SST.
Moron, V., Philippon, N., & Fontaine, B. (2003) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2003gl018006 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Janicot, S., Moron, V., & Fontaine, B.
- Affiliations
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Université de Bourgogne (FR)
- Venue
- Geophysical Research Letters
- Publisher
- American Geophysical Union (AGU)
- Published
- 1996-03
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 515-518
- ISSN
- 0094-8276 (ISSN-L)
- 1944-8007
- OpenAlex
- W2081336416
- Cited by
- 263
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 11.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Geophysical Research Letters (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate variability and models
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Hydrology and Drought Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Keywords
- Sahel drought, ENSO, summer precipitation, Southern Oscillation Index, sea surface temperature anomalies, Indian Ocean, equatorial Pacific, time scales
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