Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 1,674

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

Mountain belts and the new global tectonics

Dewey, John F., Bird, John M.·1970·Journal of Geophysical Research
DOI 10.1029/jb075i014p02625
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Analysis of the sedimentary, volcanic, structural, and metamorphic chronology in mountain belts, and consideration of the implications of the new global tectonics (plate tectonics), strongly indicate that mountain belts are a consequence of plate evolution. It is proposed that mountain belts develop by the deformation and metamorphism of the sedimentary and volcanic assemblages of Atlantic-type continental margins. These assemblages result from the events associated with the rupture of continents and the expansion of oceans by lithosphere plate generation at oceanic ridges. The earliest assemblages thus developed are volcanic rocks and coarse clastic sediments deposited in fault-bounded troughs on a distending and segmenting continental crust, subsequently split apart and carried away from the ridge on essentially aseismic continental margins. As the continental margins move away from the ridge, nonvolcanic continental shelf and rise assemblages of orthoquartzite-carbonate, and lutite (shelf), and lutite, slump deposits, and turbidites (rise) accumulate. This kind of continental margin is transformed into an orogenic belt in one of two ways. If a trench develops near, or at, the continenal margin to consume lithosphere from the oceanic side, a mountain belt (cordilleran type) grows by dominantly thermal mechanisms related to the rise of calc-alkaline and basaltic magmas. Cordilleran-type mountain belts are characterized by paired metamorphic belts (blueschist on the oceanic side and high temperature on the continental side) and divergent thrusting and synorogenic sediment transport from the high-temperature volcanic axis. If the continental margin collides with an island arc, or with another continent, a collision-type mountain belt develops by dominantly mechanical processes. Where a continent/island arc collision occurs, the resulting mountains will be small (e.g., the Tertiary fold belt of northern New Guinea), and a new trench will develop on the oceanic side of the arc. Where a continent/continent collision occurs, the mountains will be large (e.g., the Himalayas), and the single trench zone of plate consumption is replaced by a wide zone of deformation. Collision-type mountain belts do not have paired metamorphic belts; they are characterized by a single dominant direction of thrusting and synorogenic sediment transport, away from the site of the trench over the underthrust plate. Stratigraphic sequences of mountain belts (geosynclinal sequences) match those asciated with present-day oceans, island arcs, and continental margins.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1029/jb075i014p02625

Cites

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

No references could be resolved yet.

Research works printed but not linked: 76

  1. Antoine, 1963, Seismic refraction measurements on the margins of the Gulf of Mexico, J. Geophys. Res., 68, 1975, 10.1029/JZ068i007p01975 · doi:10.1029/jz068i007p01975
  2. Argand, 1911, Les nappes de recouvrement des Alpes pennines et leurs prolongement structuraux, Mater. Carte. Geol. Suisse, 31, 1
  3. Aumento, 1967, The Mid-Atlantic ridge near 45°N, 2, Basalts from the area of Confederation Peak, Can. J. Earth Sci., 5, 1, 10.1139/e68-001 · DOI
  4. Ayme, 1965, Salt Basins around Africa, 83
  5. Bailey, 1964, Franciscan and related rocks and their significance in the geology of western California, Calif. Div. Mines Geol. Bull., 183, 177
  6. Barazangi, 1969, World seismicity maps compiled from ESSA, Coast and Geodetic Survey, epicenter data, 1961-1967, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer., 59, 369, 10.1785/BSSA0590010369 · DOI · Paper page
  7. Bird, 1970, Lithosphere plate-continental margin tectonics and the evolution of Appalachian orogen, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., 10.1130/0016-7606(1970)81[1031:LPMTAT]2.0.CO;2 · DOI · Paper page
  8. Cann, 1966, An area on the crest of the Carlsberg Ridge: Petrology and magnetic survey, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, A, 259, 198, 10.1098/rsta.1966.0007 · DOI
  9. Chase, 1969, Underthrusting of the eastern margin of the Antilles by the floor of the western North Atlantic ocean, and origin of the Barbados ridge, J. Geophys. Res., 74, 1413, 10.1029/JB074i006p01413 · DOI
  10. Chinner, 1966, The distribution of temperature and pressure during Dalradian metamorphism, Geol. Soc. London Quart. J., 722, 159, 10.1144/gsjgs.122.1.0159 · doi:10.1144/gsjgs.122.1.0159
  11. Coombs, 1961, Some recent work on the lower grades of metamorphism, Australian J. Sci., 24, 203
  12. Davis, 1968, Westward thrusting in the south-central Klamath Mountains, California, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., 79, 911, 10.1130/0016-7606(1968)79[911:WTFITS]2.0.CO;2 · doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1968)79[911:wtfits]2.0.co;2
  13. Dickinson, 1969, Proceedings of the Andesite Conference, Oregon, 65, 151
  14. Dietz, 1967, Miogeoclines in space and time, J. Geol., 65, 566
  15. Doe, 1969, Proceedings of the Andesire Conference, Oregon, 65, 143
  16. Drake, 1966, Continental Margins and Island Arcs, 66-15, 33
  17. Drake, 1968, The continental margin of the eastern United States, Can. J. Earth Sci., 5, 993, 10.1139/e68-097 · doi:10.1139/e68-097
  18. Drake, 1959, Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 5, 110
  19. Drake, 1968, The Crust and Upper Mantle of the Pacific Area, 12, 174, 10.1029/GM012p0174 · doi:10.1029/gm012p0174
  20. Ernst, 1967, Petrologic comparison of the Franciscan and Sanbagawa metamorphic terrains, Tectonophysics, 4, 463, 10.1016/0040-1951(67)90011-X · doi:10.1016/0040-1951(67)90011-x
  21. Ewing, 1966, New seismic data concerning sediments and diapirie structures in Sigsbee deep and upper continental slope, Gulf of Mexico, Bull. Amer. Ass. Petrol. Geol., 50, 479
  22. Ewing, 1960, Geophysical measurements in the western Caribbean Sea and in the Gulf of Mexico, J. Geophys. Res., 65, 4087, 10.1029/JZ065i012p04087 · DOI · Paper page
  23. Ewing, 1966, Seismic-profiler survey of Blake plateau, Bull. Amer. Ass. Petrol. Geol., 50, 1948
  24. Ewing, 1962, Sediments and oceanic structural history of the Gulf of Mexico, J. Geophys. Res., 67, 2509, 10.1029/JZ067i006p02509 · doi:10.1029/jz067i006p02509
  25. Gansser, 1964, The Geology of the Himalayas
  26. Gass, 1968, Is the Troodos massif of Cyprus a fragment of Mesozoic ocean floor?, Nature, 220, 39, 10.1038/220039a0 · DOI · Paper page
  27. Girdler, 1966, The World Rift System, 66-14, 65
  28. Green, 1968, Genesis of the calc-alkaline igneous rock suite, Contrib. Mineral and Petrol., 18, 105, 10.1007/BF00371806 · DOI
  29. Green, 1963, Mineral assemblages in a model mantle composition, J. Geophys. Res., 68, 937, 10.1029/JZ068i003p00937 · doi:10.1029/jz068i003p00937
  30. Hagiwara, 1967, Analyses of gravity values in Japan, Bull. Earthquake Res. Inst. Tokyo Univ., 45, 1091
  31. Hamilton, 1969, Mesozoic California and the underflow of Pacific mantle, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., 80, 2409, 10.1130/0016-7606(1969)80[2409:MCATUO]2.0.CO;2 · DOI · Paper page
  32. Heezen, 1968, The Atlantic continental margin, Univ. Missouri Rolla J., 1, 5
  33. Heezen, 1964, Syntaphral Tectonics, D1
  34. Hsü, 1968, Principles of mélanges and their bearing on the Franciscan-Knoxville problem, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., 79, 1063, 10.1130/0016-7606(1968)79[1063:POMATB]2.0.CO;2 · DOI · Paper page
  35. Hurley, 1969, Pre-drift continental nucleii, Science, 164, 1221, 10.1126/science.164.3885.1229 · DOI · Paper page
  36. Isacks, 1968, Seismology and the new global tectonics, J. Geophys. Res., 73, 5855, 10.1029/JB073i018p05855 · DOI · Paper page
  37. Karig, 1970, Ridges and trenches of the Tonga-Kermadec island arc system, J. Geophys. Res., 75, 239, 10.1029/JB075i002p00239 · DOI · Paper page
  38. Kay , M. North American Geosynclines Geol. Soc. Amer. Mem 48 1951 · doi:10.1130/mem48-p1
  39. King, 1959, The Evolution of North America
  40. Kuno , H. Lateral variation of basalt magma across continental margins and island arcs Can. Geol. Survey, Paper 66-15 317 1965 · DOI
  41. Le Pichon, 1968, Sea-floor spreading and continental drift, J. Geophys. Res., 73, 3661, 10.1029/JB073i012p03661 · DOI · Paper page
  42. Ludwig, 1966, Sediments and structure of the Japan trench, J. Geophys. Res., 71, 2121, 10.1029/JZ071i008p02121 · DOI · Paper page
  43. Ludwig, 1967, The Manila trench and west Luzon trough, 1, Bathymetry and sediment distribution, Deep-Sea Res., 14, 533
  44. Matsuda, 1967, Late Cenozoic orogeny in Japan, Tectonophysics, 4, 349, 10.1016/0040-1951(67)90004-2 · doi:10.1016/0040-1951(67)90004-2
  45. McKenzie, 1969, Speculations on the consequences and causes of plate motions, Geophys. J., 18, 1, 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1969.tb00259.x · DOI · Paper page
  46. McKenzie, 1967, The North Pacific: An example of tectonics on a sphere, Nature, 216, 1276, 10.1038/2161276a0 · DOI · Paper page
  47. Melson, 1968, Volcanism and metamorphism in the mid-Atlantic ridge, 22°N latitude, J. Geophys. Res., 73, 5925, 10.1029/JB073i018p05925 · DOI
  48. Melson, 1968, Metamorphism in the mid-Atlantic ridge, 22°N latitude, Marine Geol., 4, 165, 10.1016/0025-3227(66)90019-3 · doi:10.1016/0025-3227(66)90019-3
  49. Menard, 1967, Transitional types of crust under small ocean basins, J. Geophys. Res., 72, 3061, 10.1029/JZ072i012p03061 · DOI
  50. Morgan, 1968, Rises, trenches, great faults, and crustal blocks, J. Geophys. Res., 73, 1959, 10.1029/JB073i006p01959 · DOI · Paper page
  51. Miyashiro, 1961, Evolution of metamorphic belts, J. Petrol., 2, 277, 10.1093/petrology/2.3.277 · DOI · Paper page
  52. Miyashiro, 1967, Orogeny, regional metamorphism, and magmatism in the Japanese islands, Medd. Dan. Geol. Foren., 17, 390
  53. Oxburgh, 1968, Problems of high heat flow and volcanism associated with zones of descending mantle convective flow, Nature, 218, 1041, 10.1038/2181041a0 · DOI
  54. Picard, 1966, The World Rift System, 66-14, 22
  55. Raitt, 1963, The Sea, 3, 85
  56. Ramsay, 1963, Stratigraphy, structure, and metamorphism in The Western Alps, Proc. Geol. Ass. London, 74, 357, 10.1016/S0016-7878(63)80028-0 · doi:10.1016/s0016-7878(63)80028-0
  57. Rikitake, 1968, Geophysical and geological data in and around the Japan arc, Can. J. Earth Sci., 5, 1101, 10.1139/e68-106 · doi:10.1139/e68-106
  58. Ringwood, 1969, The Earth's Crust and Upper Mantle, 13, 1, 10.1029/GM013p0001 · DOI
  59. Sheridan, 1969, Subsidence of continental margins, Tectonophysics, 7, 219, 10.1016/0040-1951(69)90068-7 · doi:10.1016/0040-1951(69)90068-7
  60. Stanley , D. J. Atlantic continental shelf and slope of the United States-Color of marine sediments U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap 529-D 1969 · doi:10.3133/pp529d
  61. Stöcklin, 1968, Structural history and tectonics of Iran: A review, Bull. Amer. Ass. Petrol. Geol., 52, 1229
  62. Sugimura, 1963, Quantitative distribution of late Cenozoic volcanic materials in Japan, Bull. Volcanol., 26, 125, 10.1007/BF02597281 · doi:10.1007/bf02597281
  63. Sykes, 1966, The seismicity and deep structure of island arcs, J. Geophys. Res., 71, 2981, 10.1029/JZ071i012p02981 · DOI · Paper page
  64. Sykes, 1970, A possible nacent island arc in the Indian Ocean, Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union, 51
  65. Takeuchi, 1965, A possibility of present-day regional metamorphism, Tectonophysics, 2, 59, 10.1016/0040-1951(65)90054-5 · doi:10.1016/0040-1951(65)90054-5
  66. Talwani, 1965, East Pacific Rise: The magnetic pattern and the fracture zones, Science, 150, 1109, 10.1126/science.150.3700.1109 · doi:10.1126/science.150.3700.1109
  67. Thompson, 1964, Crustal structure from Pacific basin to central Nevada, J. Geophys. Res., 69, 4813, 10.1029/JZ069i022p04813 · doi:10.1029/jz069i022p04813
  68. Turner, 1968, Metamorphic Petrology
  69. Uyeda, 1968, The Crust and Upper Mantle of the Pacific Area, 12, 349, 10.1029/GM012p0349 · DOI
  70. Van Andel, 1968, Mid-Atlantic ridge between 22° and 23° North latitude and the tectonics of mid-ocean rises, J. Geophys. Res., 73, 1279, 10.1029/JB073i004p01279 · DOI
  71. Linden, 1969, Extinct mid-ocean ridges in the Tasman Sea and the western Pacific, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 6, 483, 10.1016/0012-821X(69)90120-4 · doi:10.1016/0012-821x(69)90120-4
  72. Wells, 1970, The Zagros crush zone and its tectonic implications, Geol. Mag.
  73. Wilson, 1963, Evidence from islands on the spreading of ocean floors, Nature, 197, 536, 10.1038/197536a0 · doi:10.1038/197536a0
  74. Wilson, 1965, Transform faults, oceanic ridges, and magnetic anomalies southwest of Vancouver Island, Science, 150, 482, 10.1126/science.150.3695.482 · doi:10.1126/science.150.3695.482
  75. Wilson, 1965, Evidence from ocean islands suggesting movement in the earth, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, A258, 145, 10.1098/rsta.1965.0029 · DOI · Paper page
  76. Wilson, 1966, Did the Atlantic close and then reopen?, Nature, 211, 676, 10.1038/211676a0 · DOI · Paper page

Cited by

See all 1,674

Metadata

Authors
Dewey, J. F., & Bird, J. M.
Venue
Journal of Geophysical Research
Publisher
American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Published
1970-05-10
Volume
75
Issue
14
Pages
2625-2647
ISSN
0148-0227 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1029/jb075i014p02625
OpenAlex
W2111555634
Cited by
1,674
References
0
FWCI
51.67
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1 (tdm, 16550 d)

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Mountain belts and the new global tectonics. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1029/jb075i014p02625
The paper
Dewey, J. F., & Bird, J. M. (1970). Mountain belts and the new global tectonics. Journal of Geophysical Research. https://doi.org/10.1029/jb075i014p02625

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.