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Origins and functions of positive and negative affect: A control-process view.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Carver and Scheier's (1990) cybernetic control model suggests that comparisons of the rate of progress toward the goal with a relevant criterion generate affect; when progress exceeds (falls short of) the criterion, positive (negative) affect arises”
From The Goal-Gradient Hypothesis Resurrected: Purchase Acceleration, Illusionary Goal Progress, and Customer Retention (2006) · cites this paper as Carver and Scheier 1990
In the citing paper
“One of the core assumptions of control theory is that individuals react negatively whenever there is a discrepancy between their standards or goals and actual outcomes [16,34].”
From Ovsiankina's Great Relief: How Supplemental Work during the Weekend May Contribute to Recovery in the Face of Unfinished Tasks (2017) · cites this paper as [34]
In the citing paper
“While striving to resolve such discrepancies, monitoring progress is an aspect highly relevant to affective well-being, because progress conveys a sense of reducing the discrepancy between wanting and having—that is, approaching the goal.”
From Ovsiankina's Great Relief: How Supplemental Work during the Weekend May Contribute to Recovery in the Face of Unfinished Tasks (2017) · cites this paper as [34]
In the citing paper
“In observational studies, positive affect is associated with an increased likelihood of physical activity[4,5,6,7] and healthy eating[5,8], as well as a lower likelihood of tobacco use [9,10].”
From An online positive affect skills intervention reduces depression in adults with type 2 diabetes (2014) · cites this paper as [7]
Citations
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References 115 · Cited by 2,726
Metadata
- Authors
- Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F.
- Affiliations
- University of Miami (US)
- Carnegie Mellon University (US)
- Venue
- Psychological Review
- Published
- 1990-01
- Volume
- 97
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 19-35
- ISSN
- 0033-295X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1471
- OpenAlex
- W2033773024
- Cited by
- 2,726
- References
- 115
- Citations by year
- 2026: 57 · 2025: 91 · 2024: 113 · 2023: 187 · 2022: 115 · 2021: 100 · 2020: 190 · 2019: 137 · 2018: 129 · 2017: 106 · 2016: 107 · 2015: 114 · 2014: 110 · 2013: 114 · 2012: 107
- FWCI
- 8.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Review (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
- Keywords
- positive affect, negative affect, emotions, control processes, emotion regulation, functions of emotions, origin of emotions
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Origins and functions of positive and negative affect: A control-process view. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1037/0033-295x.97.1.19
- The paper
- Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (1990). Origins and functions of positive and negative affect: A control-process view. Psychological Review. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.97.1.19
