Effects of a safe person on induced distress following a biological challenge in panic disorder with agoraphobia.
Abstract
This study examined the effect of having a safe person present on artificially induced anxiety following a biological challenge among panic-disordered patients. Anxiety symptoms were induced using a 5.5% CO2-inhalation procedure. Panic patients underwent the inhalation procedure either in the presence or absence of their safe person. Nonanxious controls underwent the procedure without a safe person. Panic patients exposed to CO2 without their safe person present reported greater distress, a greater number of catastrophic cognitions, and a greater level of physiological arousal than did panic patients exposed with their safe person. The latter group did not differ from controls on most measures at postexposure. The attenuation of self-reported anxiety and catastrophic cognitions is consistent with the safety-signal theory and the cognitive model of panic, respectively. The results, however, are inconsistent with a biological model of panic.
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In agoraphobia, patients seek presence of a 'safe' reassuring person to cope.
“as in agora phobia, where patients seek presence of a 'safe ' reassuring person (Carter et al., 1995) to cope.”
From Understanding coronaphobia (2020) · cites this paper as Carter et al., 1995
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- Authors
- Carter, M. M., Hollon, S. D., Carson, R., & Shelton, R. C.
- Affiliations
- University at Albany, State University of New York (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Abnormal Psychology
- Published
- 1995-02
- Volume
- 104
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 156-163
- ISSN
- 0021-843X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1846
- OpenAlex
- W2056097745
- Cited by
- 98
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 5.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Abnormal Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- panic disorder with agoraphobia, social support, induced anxiety, catastrophic cognitions, physiological arousal
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Agoraphobia, Carbon Dioxide, Cognition, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Panic Disorder
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