Executive functions and ADHD in adults: evidence for selective effects on ADHD symptom domains
Abstract
Dual-process models of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) suggest that both executive functioning and regulatory functions (e.g., processing speed) are involved and that executive function weaknesses may be associated specifically with symptoms of inattention-disorganization but not hyperactivity-impulsivity. Adults aged 18-37 (105 with ADHD, 90 controls) completed a neuropsychological battery. The ADHD group had weaker performance than did the control group (p<.01) on both executive and speed measures. Symptoms of inattention-disorganization were uniquely related to executive functioning with hyperactivity-impulsivity controlled. Inattention was associated with slower response speed, and hyperactivity-impulsivity with faster output speed. Results were not accounted for by IQ, age, gender, education level, or comorbid disorders. Findings are discussed in terms of developmental and dual-process models of ADHD leading into adulthood.
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There is considerable heterogeneity in cognitive impairments in ADHD, with some patients not showing impairments or only in some cognitive domains.
“Last, there is considerable heterogeneity in cognitive impairments, with some patients not showing impairments or only in some cognitive domains, which may be underpinned by different pathophysiological pathways (Sonuga-Barke, 2003; Nigg et al., 2005; Sonuga-Barke et al., 2010).”
From Cognitive Neuroscience of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Its Clinical Translation (2018) · cites this paper as Nigg et al., 2005
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References 80 · Cited by 312
- Authors
- Nigg, J. T., Stavro, G., Ettenhofer, M., Hambrick, D. Z., Miller, T., & Henderson, J. M.
- Affiliations
- Michigan State University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Abnormal Psychology
- Published
- 2005-11
- Volume
- 114
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 706-717
- ISSN
- 0021-843X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1846
- OpenAlex
- W2146964018
- Cited by
- 312
- References
- 80
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 7.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Abnormal Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01-MH63146, R01MH063146)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- adult ADHD, executive function, dual-process models, hyperactivity/impulsivity, processing speed, response speed, symptom domains
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Cognition Disorders, Female, Humans, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Severity of Illness Index
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