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Risk for alcoholism and individual differences in the stress-response-dampening effect of alcohol
Abstract
In two experiments, individual differences in the effects of a 1 g/kg dose of alcohol on physiological and affective responses to stress were found to be related to characteristics thought to relate to risk for alcoholism. In the first study of 95 male nonalcoholics, subjects considered to be at heightened risk for alcoholism on the basis of high scores on the MacAndrew Alcoholism scale (MAC) of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) were found to show much more pronounced reduction of their cardiovascular and affective responses to stress when they consumed alcohol than did their low-risk controls. In the second study of 82 male nonalcoholics, a similar finding for cardiovascular responses to stress was observed when risk was predicated on the basis of low scores on the Socialization (So) scale of the California Psychological Inventory (or on the basis of combined risk on both the MAC and So). These results are interpreted as indicating that the outgoing, aggressive, impulsive, and antisocial individuals who are identified by these measures (and who have been shown to have a high incidence of alcoholism in prospective studies) may find alcohol consumption particularly reinforcing by virtue of their obtaining a greater amount of alcohol's stress-response-dampening (SRD) effect when they drink. These findings along with those concerned with the effects of alcohol on prestressor physiological and affective levels are discussed, and an etiological model of alcoholism that incorporates individual differences in the SRD effects is proposed.
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“Theorists have long hypothesized that a negativereinforcement model of drug use assumes that individuals frequently consume alcohol (or opioids) to alleviate aversive physical or emotional states (Cappell and Herman, 1972;Sher and Levenson, 1982;Khantzian, 1985;Koob and Bloom, 1988;Baker et al., 2004;Ahmed and Koob, 2005).”
From Drug Addiction: Hyperkatifeia/Negative Reinforcement as a Framework for Medications Development (2021) · cites this paper as Sher and Levenson, 1982
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Huckstep, K. L., Newton, B., Bailey, G., Charlton, A. J., Pearl, A. J., Maddern, X. J., Brown, R. M., McNally, G. P., Lubman, D. I., Arunogiri, S., et al. (2026) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-026-02394-2 · Cited by 1
Cues to Start and End Drinking Episodes as a Function of Family Drinking History
Jung, J. (1994) · International Journal of the Addictions · doi:10.3109/10826089409047395 · Cited by 1
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Chester, J. A. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813693-5.00009-5 · Cited by 3
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Lui, P. P. (2020) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/py6ad · Cited by 1
You, C.-W., Lin, H.-W., Chen, H.-A., Yuan, C. W., Bi, N., Chiu, H.-C., Chao, S. M., & Huang, M. (2026) · ACM International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI) · doi:10.1145/3742413.3789059
Kaminer, Y. (1994) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-9009-2_4
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Adamson, S. J., Sellman, J. D., & Robertson, P. (2008) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/00048670701787511
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A Clinical Psychologist Who Studies Alcohol
Sher, K. J. (2023) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-080621-045733
Self-citationWithdrawal syndrome and comorbidity in alcohol use disorder
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Ray, L. A., Courtney, K. E., Green, R., & Bacio, G. A. (2017) · Psychopathology · doi:10.1002/9781394258949.ch11
Alcohol consumption response to pandemic induced income shocks in India
Kaicker, N. (2024) · Journal of Policy Modeling · doi:10.1016/j.jpolmod.2024.09.001
Magnerou, A. M., Eyoum, C., Bako, A. F. H., Sini, V., Gams, D. M., Lamou, E. G. B., Iyawa, H., Doumbe, J. N., Kuate-Tegueu, C., & Mapoure, Y. N. (2025) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-025-07690-7
Metadata
- Authors
- Sher, K. J., & Levenson, R. W.
- Affiliations
- University of Missouri (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Abnormal Psychology
- Published
- 1982-10
- Volume
- 91
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 350-367
- ISSN
- 0021-843X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1846
- OpenAlex
- W2104671404
- Cited by
- 344
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 4.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Abnormal Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- alcoholism risk, individual differences, alcohol reinforcement, cardiovascular stress response, California Psychological Inventory, socialization, antisocial personality traits, etiology of alcoholism, alcohol consumption
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Alcohol Drinking, Alcoholism, Arousal, Humans, Individuality, Male, Psychological Tests, Risk, Stress, Psychological
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