Cited by 396Optimism, Hope, and Well-beingAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesPsychometric Methodologies and Testing

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The hopelessness scale for children: psychometric characteristics and concurrent validity

Kazdin, Alan E., Rodgers, Antoinette, Colbus, Debra·1986·Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

DOI 10.1037/0022-006x.54.2.241

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Items 201–300 of 373

The Adolescent Religious Coping Scale: Development, Validation, and Cross-Validation
Bjorck, J. P., Braese, R. W., Tadie, J. T., & Gililland, D. D. (2009) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-009-9305-7 · Cited by 27
“The Hopelessness Scale for Children (HSC; Kazdin et al. 1986 ) contains 17 true–false items.”
Method
The Assessment of Depression in Children
Stark, K. D., Kaslow, N. J., & Laurent, J. (1993) · Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders · doi:10.1177/106342669300100302 · Cited by 27
Non-Suicidal Self-Injury in Pediatric Bipolar Disorder: Clinical Correlates and Impact on Psychosocial Treatment Outcomes
MacPherson, H. A., Weinstein, S. M., & West, A. E. (2017) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-017-0331-4 · Cited by 26
Risk of Future Suicide Attempts in Adolescent Psychiatric Inpatients at 18‐month Follow‐up
Brinkman‐Sull, D., Overholser, J. C., & Silverman, E. (2000) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/j.1943-278x.2000.tb01099.x · Cited by 26
Study protocol for the Multimodal Approach to Preventing Suicide in Schools (MAPSS) project: a regionally based randomised trial of an integrated response to suicide risk among secondary school students
Byrne, S. J., Bailey, E., Lamblin, M., McKay, S., Pirkis, J., Mihalopoulos, C., Spittal, M. J., Rice, S., Hetrick, S., Hamilton, M., et al. (2022) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-022-06072-8 · Cited by 26
“Scale for Children (HSC) [49], a 17-item measure of the occurrence of cognitions related to hopelessness within”
Depressive Symptoms, Including Lack of Future Orientation, as Mediators in the Relationship between Adverse Life Events and Delinquent Behaviors
Allwood, M. A., Baetz, C. L., DeMarco, S., & Bell, D. J. (2012) · Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma · doi:10.1080/19361521.2012.671795 · Cited by 28
“The HSC ( Kazdin, Rodgers, & Colbus, 1986 ) is a 17-item measure assessing negative expectations of the future.”
Background
Hopelessness in adolescents
Lester, D. (2014) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.10.048 · Cited by 25
“Kazdin et al. (1986) developed a brief 17-item version of the scale written for children and adolescents, and this scale has also been used in many studies.”
Diagnosis and Treatment of Mood Disorders in Adults with Developmental Disabilities
Antonacci, D. J., & Attiah, N. (2008) · Psychiatric Quarterly · doi:10.1007/s11126-008-9079-x · Cited by 25
“Additionally, the Self-Report Depression Questionnaire (SRDQ) [122], an adapted PiersHarris Children’s Self-Concept Scale (PH-SCS) [123], and Hopelessness Scale for Children (HSC) [124] were used to measure outcomes.”
Method
Verbal Victimization and Changes in Hopelessness Among Elementary School Children
Hanley, A. J., & Gibb, B. E. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2011.597086 · Cited by 24
“The CHS has adequate reliability and construct validity with children aged 6 to 13 (Kazdin, French, Unis, EsveldtDawson, & Sherick, 1983; Kazdin et al., 1986) and has VERBAL VICTIMIZATION 773”
Background
Coping with suicidal urges among youth seen in a psychiatric emergency department
Czyz, E. K., Horwitz, A. G., Arango, A., Cole-Lewis, Y., Berona, J., & King, C. A. (2016) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2016.04.118 · Cited by 27
Suicide and Adolescence
Harris, T. E., & Lennings, C. J. (1993) · International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology · doi:10.1177/0306624x9303700307 · Cited by 24
Disciplinary Style and Child Abuse Potential: Association with Indicators of Positive Functioning in Children with Behavior Problems
Rodriguez, C. M., & Eden, A. M. (2007) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-007-0077-2 · Cited by 24
“The HSC consists of 17 true/false statements, assessing negative expectations about oneself and one’s future, with nearly half of the items reversed, worded consistent with optimism.”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Innovative Strength‐Based Care in Child and Adolescent Inpatient Psychiatry
Sams, D. P., Garrison, D., & Bartlett, J. (2016) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.1111/jcap.12147 · Cited by 23
Reliability, Validity, and Clinical Use of the Dominic Interactive: A DSM-Based, Self-Report Screen for School-Aged Children
Bergeron, L., Berthiaume, C., St‐Georges, M., Piché, G., & Smolla, N. (2013) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674371305800805 · Cited by 23
Cognitive and Behavioral Correlates of Childhood Depression
Kaslow, N. J., Brown, R. T., & Mee, L. L. (1994) · Issues in clinical child psychology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-1510-8_6 · Cited by 23
Dysphoria and Children's Processing of Supportive Interactions
Shirk, S. R., Horn, M. V., & Leber, D. (1997) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1023/a:1025752100781 · Cited by 23
“This finding could reflect a pervasive sense of hopelessness, i.e., a generalized belief that desirable outcomes are improbable, among youngsters with depressive symptoms (Asarnow, Carlson, & Guthrie, 1987; Kazdin, Rodgers, & Colbus, 1986 ).”
Background
Validity and Reliability of the PSES
Perlow, M. (1992) · Western Journal of Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/019394599201400207 · Cited by 22
A randomized clinical trial aimed at preventing poor psychosocial and glycemic outcomes in teens with type 1 diabetes (T1D)
Weissberg-Benchell, J. A., Rausch, J. R., Iturralde, E., Jedraszko, A. M., & Hood, K. K. (2016) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2016.05.006 · Cited by 22
“At baseline, our sample's scores on the Children's Depression Inventory was below the national norms, suggesting that we did, indeed, recruit a non-depressed group of adolescents for our depression prevention intervention.”
Influential
Cognition and Depression in Children and Adolescents
Garber, J., Quiggle, N. L., & Shanley, N. (1990) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-0649-8_7 · Cited by 22
Cognitive Approaches to Depression in Children
Hammen, C. L. (1990) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-9835-6_4 · Cited by 22
Evaluating the Utility of a Psychoeducational Serious Game (SPARX) in Protecting Inuit Youth From Depression: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Bohr, Y. M., Litwin, L., Hankey, J. R., McCague, H., Singoorie, C., Lucassen, M. F. G., Shepherd, M., & Barnhardt, J. (2022) · JMIR Serious Games · doi:10.2196/38493 · Cited by 24
“The HSC [26] contains 17 true-false items, which describe negative future expectations and negative present attitudes.”
Influential
Understanding Low Achievement and Depression in Children with Learning Disabilities: A Goal Orientation Approach*
Sideridis, G. D. (2006) · International review of research in mental retardation · doi:10.1016/s0074-7750(05)31005-6 · Cited by 23
A Comparison of Dependent and Self-Critically Depressed Hospitalized Adolescents
Fehon, D. C., Grilo, C. M., & Martino, S. (2000) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1023/a:1005125322629 · Cited by 22
“Internal consistency of .97 and test‐retest reliability of .52 have been reported for 5 to 13 year olds ( Kazdin et al., 1986 ).”
Background
Caregiver socioemotional health as a determinant of child well‐being in school‐aged and adolescent Ugandan children with and without perinatal HIV exposure
Webster, K. D., de Bruyn, M. M., Zalwango, S. K., Sikorskii, A. E., Barkin, J. L., Familiar, I., Musoke, P., Giordani, B., Boivin, M. J., & Ezeamama, A. E. (2019) · Tropical Medicine & International Health · doi:10.1111/tmi.13221 · Cited by 20
“Hopelessness about the future was measured using the Children’s Hopelessness Scale [24].”
Method
TIME ATTITUDE PROFILES IN AMERICAN ADOLESCENTS: EDUCATIONAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL CORRELATES
Worrell, F. C., & Andretta, J. R. (2019) · Research in Human Development · doi:10.1080/15427609.2019.1635860 · Cited by 20
Adverse Parenting Is Indirectly Linked to Delayed Reward Discounting via Blunted RSA Reactivity: the Protective Role of a Shift-and-Persist Coping Strategy
Liu, S., Cui, Z., Duprey, E. B., Kogan, S. M., & Oshri, A. (2020) · Adversity and Resilience Science · doi:10.1007/s42844-020-00012-8 · Cited by 24
An evaluation of Beck’s cognitive theory of depression in adults with intellectual disability
Esbensen, A. J., & Benson, B. A. (2006) · Journal of Intellectual Disability Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2788.2006.00860.x · Cited by 20
Conceptualization And Manifestation Of Depression In An Asian Context: Formal Construction And Validation Of A Children’S Depression Scale In Singapore
Koh, J. B. K., Chang, W. C., Fung, D. S. S., & Kee, C. (2007) · Culture Medicine and Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s11013-007-9048-0 · Cited by 20
Anxiety sensitivity in African-American adolescents: evidence of symptom specificity of anxiety sensitivity components.
Lambert, S. F., McCreary, B. T., Preston, J. L., Schmidt, N. B., Joiner, T., & Ialongo, N. (2004) · Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000128799.99225.88 · Cited by 19
“Items were drawn from existing child self-report measures, including the Children’s Depression Inventory (Kovacs, 1983), the Depression Self-Rating Scale (Asarnow and Carlson, 1985), the Hopelessness Scale for Children (Kazdin et al., 1986), the Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale (Reynolds and Richmond, 1985),…”
Method
Life events and major depression in a sample of inpatient children
Kashani, J. H., Vaidya, A. F., Soltys, S., Dandoy, A. C., & Reid, J. C. (1990) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0010-440x(90)90011-g · Cited by 20
Clinical effectiveness and safety of adding a self-harm prevention app (BlueIce) to specialist mental health care for adolescents who repeatedly self-harm: A single blind randomised controlled trial (the BASH study)
Stallard, P. N., Whittle, K., Moore, E., Medina‐Lara, A., Morrish, N., Cliffe, B., Rhodes, S. G., & Taylor, G. T. (2024) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116017 · Cited by 22
“The Hopelessness Scale for children has been widely used within adolescent samples and has consistently demonstrated strong psychometric properties (Kazdin et al., 1986).”
Method
Health and risk behaviors over time among youth living with HIV
Rotheram–Borus, M. J., Murphy, D. A., KENNEDY, M., et al. (2001) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1006/jado.2001.0432 · Cited by 19
Personality heterogeneity in female adolescent inpatients with features of eating disorders
Hopwood, C. J., Ansell, E. B., Fehon, D. C., & Grilo, C. M. (2010) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2010.03.006 · Cited by 18
“The Hopelessness Scale for Children [34] is a 17-item scale for children and adolescents that measures negative expectations about the future.”
Method
Life Events and Depressive Symptoms in African American Adolescents: Do Ecological Domains and Timing of Life Events Matter?
Sanchez, Y. M., Lambert, S. F., & Ialongo, N. S. (2011) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-011-9689-8 · Cited by 18
“Items were drawn from a number of child selfreport measures, including the Children’s Depression Inventory (Kovacs 1983), the Depression Self-Rating Scale (Asarnow and Carlson 1985), the Hopelessness Scale for Children (Kazdin et al. 1986), the Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale (Reynolds and Richmond 1985), an…”
Influential
Cognitive Components of Depression
Rehm, L. P., & Carter, A. S. (1990) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-7142-1_26 · Cited by 18
Development and validation of the revised Children's Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale
McWhinnie, C. M., Abela, J. R. Z., Knaüper, B., & Zhang, C. (2009) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1348/014466508x398952 · Cited by 18
Heterogeneity in Youth Symptom Trajectories Following Psychiatric Crisis: Predictors and Placement Outcome.
Halliday‐Boykins, C. A., Henggeler, S. W., Rowland, M. D., & DeLucia, C. (2004) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.72.6.993 · Cited by 19
Psychometric Properties and Clinical Utility of the Scale for Suicide Ideation with Inpatient Children
Allan, W. D., Kashani, J. H., Dahlmeier, J. M., Taghizadeh, P., & Reid, J. C. (1997) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1023/a:1022633714888 · Cited by 18
Acceptability and feasibility of ecological momentary assessment with augmentation of passive sensor data in young adults at high risk for suicide
Jiang, A., Al‐Dajani, N., King, C. A., Hong, V., Koo, H. J., & Czyz, E. K. (2023) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115347 · Cited by 18
Youth Cognitive-Behavioral Depression Prevention: Testing Theory in a Randomized Controlled Trial
Brunwasser, S. M., Freres, D. R., & Gillham, J. E. (2018) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-018-9897-6 · Cited by 17
“All consenting participants were invited to complete a baseline assessment, including the Children’s Depression Inventory (Kovacs 2001).”
MethodInfluential
Psychiatric Correlates of Nonsuicidal Cutting Behaviors in an Adolescent Inpatient Sample
Swenson, L. P., Spirito, A., Dyl, J., Kittler, J. E., & Hunt, J. (2008) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-008-0100-2 · Cited by 17
“Research conducted by the developers has shown adequate internal consistency (subscale as = .82–.89) as well as evidence for construct and convergent validity [34]. Hopelessness Scale for Children (HSC) [ 35 ]”
Background
The effects of the interplay of genetics and early environmental risk on the course of internalizing symptoms from late childhood through adolescence
Musci, R. J., Masyn, K. E., Benke, K. S., Maher, B. S., Uhl, G. R., & Ialongo, N. S. (2015) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579415000401 · Cited by 21
Self-oriented Perfectionism and Socially Prescribed Perfectionism Add Incrementally to the Prediction of Suicide Ideation Beyond Hopelessness: A Meta-Analysis of 15 Studies
Smith, M. M., Vidovic, V., Sherry, S., & Saklofske, D. H. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-4816-6_19 · Cited by 18
“…hopelessness scale (BHS); Beck et al. (1979a, b) Beck depression inventory hopelessness item (BDI-HS); Beck et al. (1974) hopelessness scale (HS); Kazdin et al. (1986) hopelessness scale for children (HSC); and Roxborough et al. (2012) ratings of social disconnection social hopelessness scale…”
Background
A theoretical model of adolescent suicide risk
Metha, A., Chen, E. Y. H., Mulvenon, S. W., & Dode, I. (1998) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811119808260442 · Cited by 20
Parent-Adolescent Acculturation Gap and Suicidal Ideation among Adolescents from an Emergency Department
Ortin‐Peralta, A., Miranda, R., Polanco-Roman, L. A., & Shaffer, D. (2017) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811118.2017.1372828 · Cited by 16
Late-Adolescent Delinquency
Andersen, T. S., Morash, M., & Park, S. (2010) · Youth & Society · doi:10.1177/0044118x10386078 · Cited by 16
Anxiety and Depression in Children: A Test of the Positive-Negative Affect Model
Lee, L.-C., & Rebok, G. W. (2002) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200204000-00014 · Cited by 15
“Some items were drawn from existing child selfreport scales, including the Children’s Depression Inventory (Kovacs, 1986), the Depression Self-Rating Scale (Asarnow and Carlson, 1985), the Hopelessness Scale for Children (Kazdin et al., 1986), and the Revised-Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale (Reynolds and Richmond, 1…”
Method
What goes up must come down: The burden of bipolar depression in youth
Meter, A. V., Henry, D. B., & West, A. E. (2013) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.05.039 · Cited by 16
Parental loss and hope among orphaned children in South Africa: A pilot study
Adamson, M., & Roby, J. L. (2011) · Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies · doi:10.1080/17450128.2010.532575 · Cited by 14
“Hopelessness correlates positively with depression and negatively with self-esteem and social behavior (Kazdin, Rodgers, & Colbus, 1986 ), often-explored components of psychological well-being.”
Background
Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Umutsuzluk Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi: Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Örneği
Kula, K. Ş., & Saraç, T. (2017) · Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi · doi:10.17494/ogusbd.330620 · Cited by 14
Exploring the Suicide Mechanism Path of High-Suicide-Risk Adolescents—Based on Weibo Text Analysis
Mo, L., Li, H., & Zhu, T. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191811495 · Cited by 14
“Hopelessness is defined as negative expectations or pessimism about oneself or the future [20].”
Background
Bullying Victimization and Depression Among Left-Behind Adolescents in Rural China: Roles of Hopelessness and Grit
Gao, S., Chan, K. L., Chen, S., & Zhong, H. (2023) · School Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s12310-023-09579-w · Cited by 13
“Hopelessness was assessed using the Hopelessness Scale for Children (HSC; Kazdin et al., 1986).”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
The Primacy of Hope for Human Flourishing
Jeffrey, A., & Mehari, K. R. (2022) · The Monist · doi:10.1093/monist/onac019 · Cited by 15
Sociometric status of child inpatients in clinical and normative peer groups Is peer status in a clinical setting a useful measure of adjustment
Zakriski, A. L., & Prinstein, M. (2001) · Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0193-3973(01)00074-0 · Cited by 18
Self‐Continuity Moderates the Association Between Peer Victimization and Depressed Affect
Santo, J. B., Martin‐Storey, A., Recchia, H. E., & Bukowski, W. M. (2018) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1111/jora.12372 · Cited by 14
Correlates of loneliness in nonreferred and psychiatrically hospitalized children
Ammerman, R. T., Kazdin, A. E., & Hasselt, V. B. V. (1993) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/bf01321330 · Cited by 13
“The Hopelessness Scale for Children (HPLS; Kazdin, Rodgers, & Colbus, 1986 ) consists of 16 true-false items indicating negative expectations for the future.”
MethodSelf-citation
Identifying Moderators of Response to the Penn Resiliency Program: A Synthesis Study
Brunwasser, S. M., & Gillham, J. E. (2016) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1007/s11121-015-0627-y · Cited by 12
Risk Assessment and Decision Making Regarding Imminent Suicidality in Pediatric Settings
Helms, S. W., & Prinstein, M. J. (2014) · Clinical Practice in Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1037/cpp0000048 · Cited by 12
Preventing Violence among Gang-Involved and High-Risk Youth in El Salvador: The Role of School Motivation and Self-Control
Olate, R., Salas‐Wright, C. P., Vaughn, M. G., & Yu, M. (2014) · Deviant Behavior · doi:10.1080/01639625.2014.924364 · Cited by 16
“The measure of future orientation was derived from the Hopelessness Scale for Children (Kazdin, Rodgers, and Colbus 1986), which has been found to have acceptable psychometric properties with suicidal youth, psychiatric inpatient youth, and youth without any psychiatric morbidity (Spirito 1988).”
Method
Problem-Based Learning as a Valuable Educational Method for Physically Disabled Teenagers? The Discrepancy Between Theory and Practice
Könings, K. D., Wiers, R. W. H. J., van de Wiel, M. W. J., & Schmidt, H. G. (2005) · Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities · doi:10.1007/s10882-005-3683-6 · Cited by 12
“Negative expectations of oneself and the future are positively correlated with depression and negatively correlated with self-esteem ( Kazdin et al., 1986 ).”
Background
Cognitive vulnerabilities and development of suicidal thinking in children of depressed mothers: A longitudinal investigation
Tsypes, A., & Gibb, B. E. (2016) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2016.03.008 · Cited by 12
“Children's inferential styles were assessed via the Children's Attributional Style Questionnaire (CASQ; Seligman et al., 1984) and the Children's Cognitive Style Questionnaire (CCSQ; Abela, 2001).”
Influential
Prevention of self-harm and suicide in young people up to the age of 25 in education settings
Sharma, V., Marshall, D., Fortune, S., Prescott, A. E., Boggiss, A., Macleod, E., Mitchell, C., Clarke, A., Robinson, J., Witt, K. G., et al. (2024) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd013844.pub2 · Cited by 11
Perceived Neighborhood Safety and Depressive Symptoms: The Role of Perceived Neighborhood Cohesion and Perceived Control
Gepty, A. A., Lambert, S. F., & Ialongo, N. S. (2023) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-023-01805-7 · Cited by 11
“Items for the depression scale were generated directly from DSMIV (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) criteria or drawn from existing child self-report measures (e.g., the Hopelessness Scale for Children (Kazdin et al., 1986).”
Method
Perceptions of Hopelessness among Low-Income African-American Adolescents through the Lens of Photovoice
Harley, D. (2015) · Journal of Ethnic & Cultural Diversity in Social Work · doi:10.1080/15313204.2014.915780 · Cited by 11
Clinical Dysfunction and Psychosocial Interventions: The Interplay of Research, Methods, and Conceptualization of Challenges
Kazdin, A. E. (2015) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032814-112720 · Cited by 11
Self-citation
Network indicators of the social ecology of adolescents in relative and non-relative Foster households
Blakeslee, J. E., Kothari, B. H., McBeath, B., Sorenson, P., & Bank, L. (2016) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.12.002 · Cited by 11
School Suicide Risk Assessment
Brock, S. E., & Reeves, M. A. L. (2017) · Contemporary School Psychology · doi:10.1007/s40688-017-0157-7 · Cited by 11
Understanding Suicidal Ideation in Latino/a Adolescents Living in Puerto Rico
Duarté‐Vélez, Y., Jones, R. N., & Spirito, A. (2017) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811118.2017.1378142 · Cited by 11
Validation of the Children's Interview for Psychiatric Syndromes (ChIPS) With Psychiatrically Hospitalized Adolescents
Swenson, L. P., Esposito-Smythers, C. L., Hunt, J., Hollander, B. L. G., Dyl, J., Rizzo, C. J., Steinley, D., & Spirito, A. (2007) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e31814cef0e · Cited by 11
Lifetime and current costs of supporting young adults who deliberately poisoned themselves in childhood and adolescence
Byford, S., Barrett, B. M., Aglan, A., Harrington, V., Burroughs, H., Kerfoot, M., & Harrington, R. (2008) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/09638230802052179 · Cited by 11
“…controlled trial and used in the current analyses included the Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire (Reynolds, 1988) and the Hopelessness Scale (Kazdin et al., 1986), completed by the patient, and the 28-item General Health Questionnaire (Goldberg, 1978), completed by the parent(s) to measure…”
Method
An Examination of Episodic Future Thinking and Episodic Memory Among Suicidal and Nonsuicidal Adolescents
Cha, C. B., Nam, R. J., Bell, K., Goger, P., Parvez, N., Pollak, O. H., Robinaugh, D. J., Sanghvi, D. E., & Schacter, D. L. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2024.2384038 · Cited by 10
“Hopelessness was assessed via the Hopelessness Scale for Children (HSC; Kazdin et al., 1986).”
Longitudinal patterns and predictors of suicidal ideation in African American adolescents
Whipple, C. R., Robinson, W. L., Flack, C. E., Jason, L. A., & Keenan, K. E. (2023) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/ajcp.12663 · Cited by 10
“The HSC has demonstrated validity and moderate test-retest reliability over a 6-week period (r = .52; Kazdin et al., 1986).”
BackgroundMethod
Hope, aspirations, and resilience in children and adolescents: a review of research on measurement and related antecedents
Leung, H., Wu, F. K. Y., & Shek, D. T. L. (2016) · International Journal on Disability and Human Development · doi:10.1515/ijdhd-2017-7003 · Cited by 12
“Third, the strengths of commonly used scales such as the Adult Dispositional Hope Scale and the Children’s Hope Scale are that they have been validated in a Chinese context.”
MethodInfluential
Using Behavioral Measures to Assess Suicide Risk in the Psychiatric Emergency Department for Youth
Shin, K. E., Baroni, A., Gerson, R. S., Bell, K., Pollak, O. H., Tezanos, K. M., Spirito, A., & Cha, C. B. (2023) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-023-01507-y · Cited by 10
Psychometric Properties of a Suicide Screen for Adjudicated Youth in Residential Care
Langhinrichsen‐Rohling, J., Hudson, K., Lamis, D. A., et al. (2012) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2011.553329 · Cited by 10
Child and Adolescent Suicide
Berman, A. L. (1991) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-0724-0_9 · Cited by 10
Residential mobility, neighborhood cohesion, and depressive symptoms among urban‐dwelling African American adolescents
Gepty, A. A., Lambert, S. F., Milam, A. J., & Ialongo, N. S. (2022) · Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/jcop.22837 · Cited by 8
The Types of Psychosocial Factors Associated with Suicidality Outcomes for People Living with Bipolar Disorder: A Scoping Review
Dempsey, R. C., Dodd, A., Gooding, P. A., & Jones, S. H. (2024) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph21050525 · Cited by 14
“Twenty studies included self-report measures of hopelessness; 18 used the Beck Hopelessness Scale [158] (BHS, [14,37,82,101,102,109,110,133,147,150,151,159–165]) and two studies [166,167] used the Hopelessness Scale for Children which was derived from the BHS [168].”
Method
Factor Structure and Construct Validity of Scores on the Hopelessness Scale for Children with Students with Cognitive Disabilities
Wehmeyer, M. L., & Palmer, S. B. (1998) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/0013164498058004008 · Cited by 9
Hopelessness in Inpatient Youths
Kashani, J. H., Suárez, L., Allan, W. D., et al. (1997) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199711000-00028 · Cited by 9
FACTORS AFFECTING HOPELESSNESS LEVELS OF TURKISH PRETEENAGERS ATTENDING PRIMARY SCHOOL: A STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODEL
Yılmaz, V., & Türküm, A. S. (2008) · Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal · doi:10.2224/sbp.2008.36.1.19 · Cited by 8
“Pfeffer (1981) suggests that threat and attempt of suicide are increased by factors such as negative experiences in the family, feelings of hopelessness and worthlessness in children aged between 6-12 years who exhibit self-murder behavior.”
BackgroundMethod
Cognitive-Affective Pathways to Child Depressive and Anxious Symptoms: Role of Children’s Discipline Attributions
Rodriguez, C. M., Pu, D. F., & Foiles, A. R. (2018) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-018-0831-7 · Cited by 8
Discrepancy between how children perceive their own alcohol risk and how they perceive alcohol risk for other children longitudinally predicts alcohol use
Reyes, A. D. L., Reynolds, E. K., Wang, F. M., MacPherson, L., & Lejuez, C. W. (2010) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2010.07.006 · Cited by 8
Millon's Contributions to Preadolescent and Adolescent Personality Assessment: Searching Onward and Upward
Tringone, R., & Bockian, N. R. (2015) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223891.2015.1064438 · Cited by 8
“Anxious Suicidality”: A New Subtype of Childhood Suicide Ideation?
Allan, W. D., Kashani, J. H., Dahlmeier, J. M., Beck, N. C., & Reid, J. C. (1998) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/j.1943-278x.1998.tb00855.x · Cited by 8
The use of the Children’s Depression Inventory in an Irish context
Houghton, S., O’Connell, M., & O’Flaherty, A. (1998) · The Irish Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/03033910.1998.10558193 · Cited by 8
Affective and behavioral correlates of suicidality among hospitalized preadolescent children
Milling, L. S., Campbell, N. B., Bush, E., et al. (1996) · Journal of Clinical Child Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp2504_10 · Cited by 8
The Role of Depressive Symptoms in Substance Use Among African American Boys Exposed to Community Violence
Tache, R. M., Lambert, S. F., & Ialongo, N. S. (2020) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22566 · Cited by 7
A Prospective Comparison of Moderating Relationships among Stressors, Hopelessness, and Internalizing Symptoms in Low-Income Urban Youth with Asthma
Carter, J. S., & Grant, K. E. (2012) · Journal of Urban Health · doi:10.1007/s11524-011-9635-9 · Cited by 7
Validation of a Measure of Foster Home Integration for Foster Youth
Kothari, B. H., McBeath, B., Bank, L., Sorenson, P., Waid, J., & Webb, S. J. (2016) · Research on Social Work Practice · doi:10.1177/1049731516675033 · Cited by 7
Temperament Moderators of Prospective Associations Between Community Violence Exposure and Urban African American Adolescents’ Aggressive Behavior
Tache, R. M., Lambert, S. F., Ganiban, J. M., & Ialongo, N. S. (2018) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-018-0787-7 · Cited by 7
‘Web of Violence’, Depression, and Impairment in a Clinical Sample of Adolescents
Benton, T. D., Jones, J. D., Julye, S., Butler, L. L., & Boyd, R. C. (2020) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/s10896-020-00157-1 · Cited by 7
Youth suicide in the school context
Poland, S., & Ferguson, S. (2021) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2021.101579 · Cited by 7
The Problem of Adolescent Suicide
Eyman, J. R., Mikawa, J. K., & Eyman, S. K. (1990) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-0555-2_6 · Cited by 7
Childhood Depression
Kaslow, N. J., & Racusin, G. R. (1990) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-0523-1_31 · Cited by 7
Why is rumination unhelpful in adolescents? Two studies examining the causal role of abstract processing
Leigh, E., Taylor, L., Cole, V. L., & Smith, P. A. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.03.058 · Cited by 6
“Hopelessness Scale Children (HSC; (Kazdin et al., 1986)) is a 17-item designed to assess levels of hopelessness in young people and adolescents.”
Socio-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Suicidal Behavior With a Puerto Rican Male Adolescent
Duarté‐Vélez, Y., Gomez, J., Jiménez‐Colon, G., & Spirito, A. (2018) · Evidence-Based Practice in Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1080/23794925.2018.1432300 · Cited by 7
An examination of episodic future thinking in the emergency department among youth experiencing suicidal thoughts and behaviors
Pollak, O. H., Shin, K. E., Baroni, A., Gerson, R. S., Bell, K., Tezanos, K. M., Fernandes, S. N., Robinaugh, D. J., Schacter, D. L., Spirito, A., et al. (2023) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-023-02219-3 · Cited by 6
“To test the effect of episodic future thinking on future STB risk, above and beyond the effect of future-oriented attitude or outlook, hopelessness was controlled for and assessed using the Hopelessness Scale for Children (HSC) [29].”
Parental Hostility: Impact on the Family
Allan, W. D., Kashani, J. H., & Reid, J. C. (1998) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1023/a:1022833810248 · Cited by 6
The Role of Nonverbal Cognitive Ability in the Association of Adverse Life Events With Dysfunctional Attitudes and Hopelessness in Adolescence
Flouri, E., & Panourgia, C. (2012) · Archives of Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.apnu.2012.02.004 · Cited by 6
“, 1983; Kazdin, Rodgers, & Colbus, 1986) and moderate test–retest consistency (Kazdin et al., 1986).”

Authors: Kazdin, A. E., Rodgers, A., & Colbus, D.
ORCID: Kazdin, Alan E.
Venue: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1986-04
Volume: 54
Issue: 2
Pages: 241-245
ISSN: 0022-006X (ISSN-L)
1939-2117
DOI: 10.1037/0022-006x.54.2.241
OpenAlex: W4295845830
Cited by: 396
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 14
FWCI: 9.64
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Optimism, Hope, and Well-being
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Keywords: hopelessness, children, psychometric properties, concurrent validity

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The hopelessness scale for children: psychometric characteristics and concurrent validity

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