Relationship of academic help seeking to the use of learning strategies and other instrumental achievement behavior in college students.
Abstract
Correlates of help-seeking among college students were examined. Evidence from all studies is consistent with viewing help seeking in an academic context as an achievement-related rather than as a dependent behavior
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Karabenick and Knapp classified help-seeking behaviors into five categories: formal help-seeking, informal help-seeking, instrumental activities, lowering performance aspirations, and altering goals.
“In 1991, Karabenick and Knapp performed a survey to test learners' help-seeking tendencies based on a 7-point rating scale and they further classified help-seeking behaviors into five categories, including formal help-seeking, informal help-seeking, instrumental activities, lowering performance aspirations, and altering goals.”
From A Systematic Review of Studies Exploring Help-Seeking Strategies in Online Learning Environments (2023) · cites this paper as Karabenick & Knapp, 1991
Karabenick and Knapp's categorizations take into consideration learners' psychological decision-making process and illustrate its influence on learners' instrumental activities, including the use of various learning strategies and especially their frequency of help-seeking.
“Their categorizations take into consideration learners' psychological decision-making process and illustrate its influence on learners' instrumental activities, including the use of various learning strategies and especially their frequency of help-seeking (Karabenick & Knapp, 1991).”
From A Systematic Review of Studies Exploring Help-Seeking Strategies in Online Learning Environments (2023) · cites this paper as Karabenick & Knapp, 1991
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References 27 · Cited by 453
- Authors
- Karabenick, S. A., & Knapp, J. R.
- Affiliations
- Eastern Michigan University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Educational Psychology
- Published
- 1991-06
- Volume
- 83
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 221-230
- ISSN
- 0022-0663 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-2176
- OpenAlex
- W1979591413
- Cited by
- 453
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 32 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 4.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Educational Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods
- Social Sciences › Education › Higher Education Research Studies
- Keywords
- academic help-seeking, learning strategies, achievement behavior, university students, help-seeking motivation, academic performance
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