Cited by 175Social and Intergroup PsychologyCategorization, perception, and languageSocial Power and Status Dynamics

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Linguistic intergroup bias: Differential expectancies or in-group protection?

Maass, Anne, Milesi, Angela, Zabbini, Silvia, Stahlberg, Dagmar·1995·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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Abstract

The linguistic intergroup bias describes the tendency to communicate positive in-group and negative out-group behaviors more abstractly than negative in-group and positive out-group behaviors. This article investigated whether this bias is driven by differential expectancies or by in-group protective motives. In Experiment 1, northern and southern Italian participants (N = 151) described positive and negative behaviors of northern or southern protagonists that were either congruent or incongruent with stereotypic expectancies. Regardless of valence, expectancy-congruent behaviors were described more abstractly than incongruent ones. Experiment 2 (N = 40) showed that language is used in an equally biased fashion for individuals as previously demonstrated for groups. Experiment 3 (N = 192) induced expectancies experimentally and found greater abstraction for expectancy-congruent behaviors regardless of valence. All experiments confirmed the differential expectancy approach.

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Authors: Maass, A., Milesi, A., Zabbini, S., & Stahlberg, D.
Affiliations: University of Padua (IT)
ORCID: Maass, Anne
Stahlberg, Dagmar
Venue: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1995
Volume: 68
Issue: 1
Pages: 116-126
ISSN: 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
1939-1315
DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.68.1.116
OpenAlex: W4247340923
Cited by: 175
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 11
FWCI: 39.29
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Padua Research Archive (University of Padova) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Categorization, perception, and language
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social Power and Status Dynamics
Keywords: linguistic intergroup bias, intergroup communication, abstract language
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Humans, Italy, Language, Peer Group, Pilot Projects, Schools, Self Concept, Social Desirability, Stereotyped Behavior, Students, Verbal Behavior

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Linguistic intergroup bias: Differential expectancies or in-group protection?

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