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Turning up the contrast: Self-enhancement motives prompt egocentric contrast effects in social judgments
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“When faced with threats to the self, such as feedback of failure or social rejection, adults exhibit compensatory behaviors that help them buffer and enhance their self-views (4–6).”
From Development of self-protective biases in response to social evaluative feedback (2017) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“Researchers have also found that adults make less favorable appraisals of others (5, 9, 10)”
From Development of self-protective biases in response to social evaluative feedback (2017) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“The tendency for adults to rate accepting peers more favorably (36), respond to negative feedback by denigrating others (5, 9, 10), and engage in retaliatory impression updating (11) aligns with previous work.”
From Development of self-protective biases in response to social evaluative feedback (2017) · cites this paper as [5]
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Items 101–136 of 136
Patterson, T. L., & Harvey, P. D. (2008) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/jgp.0b013e31817f8cb9 · Cited by 8
Huang, P.-S., Liu, C., Chen, H., & Sommers, S. (2018) · Social Psychology of Education · doi:10.1007/s11218-018-9429-y · Cited by 7
“Infecting” those we care about: social network effects on body image
Grover, A., Foreman, J. R., & Burckes-Miller, M. E. (2016) · International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing · doi:10.1108/ijphm-09-2014-0052 · Cited by 6
How the Adoption of Impression Management Goals Alters Impression Formation
Gibson, B. D., & Poposki, E. M. (2010) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167210385008 · Cited by 5
“Judgments of others, however, can also be affected by such self–other comparisons (see Beauregard & Dunning, 1998; Carpenter, 1988; Dunning, 2000, 2003; Dunning & Beauregard, 2000; Dunning & Hayes, 1996).”
BackgroundMolouki, S., & Pronin, E. (2014) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/14341-013 · Cited by 5
Environmental Worry as Correlate of Self-Esteem among Employed and Unemployed People in Oil Industry
Akinbobola, O. I. (2012) · International Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.5923/j.ijpbs.20120205.07 · Cited by 4
Motivated dimension manipulation in the processing of social comparison information
Kiviniemi, M. T., Snyder, M., & Johnson, B. C. (2008) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/15298860701275873 · Cited by 4
“…people’s traits and abilities are biased in ways that enhance the relative positivity of self-related judgments (see, e.g., Dunning & Cohen, 1992, Study 3), and the degree to which individuals engage in such biased processing is related to self-enhancement motives (Beauregard & Dunning, 1998).”
Rodman, A. M., Powers, K. E., Kastman, E. K., Kabotyanski, K. E., Stark, A. M., Mair, P., & Somerville, L. H. (2020) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/2gz6d · Cited by 4
Exploring the (Mal)adaptive Consequences of Self-Deceptive Enhancement: A Narrative Review
Weissman, S., & Gorlin, E. I. (2023) · Journal of Theoretical Social Psychology · doi:10.1155/2023/2382005 · Cited by 4
“Similarly, in examining the self-protective function of SDE, both Beauregard and Dunning’s [17] and Wakeman et al.’s [62] studies found that greater self-enhancement in response to a self-esteem-threatening event was associated with more positive self-evaluations relevant to the threat.”
BackgroundThe Normative Judgment Test of Honesty-Humility: An Implicit Instrument for Organizational Contexts
Asfar, D., Oostrom, J. K., van Vugt, M., & Born, M. P. (2023) · Human Performance · doi:10.1080/08959285.2023.2291208 · Cited by 3
“Research has shown that people judge others in ways that promote their self-esteem (Beauregard & Dunning, 1998), such that people who are high on a desirable attribute are more judgmental of people who are low on the desirable attribute (Beauregard & Dunning, 1998; Dunning & Cohen, 1992; Dunning &…”
BackgroundIslands of health: Implications of academic psychology for psychotherapy technique and integration.
Cross, L. W. (2007) · Journal of Psychotherapy Integration · doi:10.1037/1053-0479.17.3.251 · Cited by 3
Kim, J.-S., & Kim, J.-H. (2016) · China Journal of Social Work · doi:10.1080/17525098.2016.1141461 · Cited by 3
“In the studies that adopt a positive view (e.g. Beauregard and Dunning 1998; Dunning 1999; Kurman 2003; Taylor and Armor 1996; Taylor and Brown 1988; Taylor and Gollwitzer 1995), self-enhancement biases are assumed to be able to increase the positive illusions of one’s capabilities and character in…”
BackgroundYang, Z., & Laroche, M. (2010) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2010.11.021 · Cited by 79
“One such self-protection strategy is to increase self-ratings of intelligence and derogate others by rating generalized others and even their friends less favorably (Beauregard and Dunning, 1998).”
BackgroundMeasure by Measure: When Implicit and Explicit Social Comparison Effects Differ
Schwinghammer, S. A., & Stapel, D. A. (2010) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/15298861003680117 · Cited by 2
“…of research shows that people’s self-evaluations are not always the result of processes that lead to the most veridical or truthful self-images (Beauregard & Dunning, 1998; Fein & Spencer, 1997; Klein, Blier, & Janze, 2001; Pyszczynski, Greenberg, & LaPrelle, 1985; Svenson, 1981; Taylor &…”
BackgroundRetractedPaletz, S. B. F., Auxier, B. E., & Golonka, E. (2019) · SpringerBriefs in complexity · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-16413-3_4 · Cited by 2
Schul, Y., & Ganzach, Y. (2024) · Group Processes & Intergroup Relations · doi:10.1177/13684302241264420 · Cited by 1
“Specifically, the desire to feel closer to one’s own group (i.e., the favored party) should increase convergence, whereas the desire to distance oneself from other groups (especially the opponent party) should increase divergence (see also Beauregard & Dunning, 1998).”
Affirming the Less Defended Self: Quiet Ego Reminders Reduce Implicit Self-Other Bias
Wayment, H. A. (2025) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-025-00894-4 · Cited by 1
“Self-serving bias is typically measured with self-reported assessments where the self is valued more highly than others (Beauregard & Dunning, 1998).”
Protocentrism will prevail: A reply to Krueger (2003), Mussweiler (2003), and Sedikides (2003).
Karniol, R. (2003) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.110.3.595 · Cited by 1
de Almeida, M. I. S., Vieira, V. A., Agnihotri, R., & Souza, R. D. F. (2024) · The Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice · doi:10.1080/10696679.2024.2415973 · Cited by 1
“To reinforce their self-esteem (Beauregard & Dunning, 1998), voters look for campaign polls sponsored by traditional media, such as The Washington Post and USA Today.”
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Minimizing a sexist act and derogating the female victim: To be or not to be in the same boat?
Hernandez, A.-L., Redersdorff, S., & Martinot, D. (2015) · L’Année psychologique · doi:10.3917/anpsy.153.0327 · Cited by 1
Boeder, J. D. (2021) · Scholarship - Claremont (Claremont Colleges) · doi:10.5642/cguetd/200 · Cited by 3
Different selves have different effects: Self-activation and defensive social comparison
Schwinghammer, S. A., Stapel, D. A., & Blanton, H. (2005) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e633942013-632 · Cited by 1
The Psychological Process of Coping with Threat and Its Cultural Maintenance Function
Kashima, E. S. (2008) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-373694-9.00019-2
Confrontar la muerte, impacto en la dimensión transpersonal y actitudes para la paz positiva.Preprint
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Minimizing a sexist act and derogating the female victim: To be or not to be in the same boat?
Hernandez, A.-L., Redersdorff, S., & Martinot, D. (2015) · L’Année psychologique · doi:10.4074/s0003503315003012
A Goal Systematic Approach to Persuasion
Schumpe, B. M. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197687468.003.0009
Profit-fueled corporate cynicism
Barcellos, L. P., & Emett, S. A. (2026) · Journal of Accounting and Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jacceco.2026.101896
Chandler, D. J., & Fields, D. (2010) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-61735-069-620251007
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Sleep deprivation enhances self-protective behavior after negative social feedback
Zou, F., Yang, X., Luo, Y., Zhang, X., Feng, S., Du, M., Zhang, R., Peng, Y., Sima, J., Wang, Y., et al. (2025) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-025-08834-4
Minimizing a sexist act and derogating the female victim: To be or not to be in the same boat?
Hernandez, A.-L., Redersdorff, S., & Martinot, D. (2015) · L’Année psychologique · doi:10.3917/e.anpsy.153.0327
George, M. M. (2021) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/5c6aa095z5be9z429az8006z7402d259ffd9
Metadata
- Authors
- Beauregard, K. S., & Dunning, D.
- ORCID
- Dunning, David
- Venue
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- Published
- 1998
- Volume
- 74
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 606-621
- ISSN
- 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1315
- OpenAlex
- W4322696406
- Cited by
- 134
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 29.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
- Keywords
- self-enhancement motive, social judgment, contrast effects, self-enhancement, self-concept
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