Cited by 763Stress Responses and CortisolPsychosomatic Disorders and Their TreatmentsCancer, Stress, Anesthesia, and Immune Response

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Stress and infectious disease in humans.

Cohen, Sheldon, Williamson, Gail M.·1991·Psychological Bulletin

DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.109.1.5

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Abstract

This article reviews research on the role of stress in infectious disease as measured either by illness behaviors (symptoms and use of health services) or by verified pathology. Substantial evidence was found for an association between stress and increased illness behavior, and less convincing but provocative evidence was found for a similar association between stress and infectious pathology. Introverts, isolates, and persons lacking social skills may also be at increased risk for both illness behaviors and pathology. Psychobiological models of how stress could influence the onset and progression of infectious disease and a psychological model of how stress could influence illness behaviors are proposed.

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“Stress is also related to several health-related consequences, and contributes to cardiovascular diseases [12], depression [13], sleep disturbances [14], immunocompromising [15,16] and musculoskeletal pain [17], which, by themselves, can lead to sick leave.”
Background
Personality traits predict self-referral of young male adults with musculoskeletal complaints to a general practitioner
Oron, Y., & Reichenberg, A. (2003) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(02)00451-8 · Cited by 7
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Vike, N. L., Bari, S., Stetsiv, K., Woodward, S., Lalvani, S., Stefanopoulos, L., Kim, B. W., Maglaveras, N., Katsaggelos, A. K., & Breiter, H. C. (2022) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/40821 · Cited by 4
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Anyim, R., Li, S., Armstrong, D., Spathis, R., James, G. D., Little, M. A., & Wander, K. (2023) · American Journal of Human Biology · doi:10.1002/ajhb.23985 · Cited by 4
The assessment of cortisol using salivary ultrafiltrate
Lumley, M. A., Schramm, W., Pomerleau, C. S., Pomerleau, O. F., & Smith, R. H. (1995) · Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers · doi:10.3758/bf03200445 · Cited by 4

Authors: Cohen, S., & Williamson, G. M.
Affiliations: Carnegie Mellon University (US)
ORCID: Cohen, Sheldon
Venue: Psychological Bulletin
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1991
Volume: 109
Issue: 1
Pages: 5-24
ISSN: 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
1939-1455
DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.109.1.5
OpenAlex: W1985248606
Cited by: 756
References: 140
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 75 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 20
FWCI: 12.25
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
KiltHub Repository (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5t32mh017184-06, 5r01ai023072-04, 5k02mh000721-10)
National Institute of Mental Health (K02-MH-00721, MH17184)
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI 23072)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer, Stress, Anesthesia, and Immune Response
Keywords: stress, infectious diseases, illness behavior, health care utilization, psychobiological model, introversion, social isolation, social skills
MeSH terms: Communicable Diseases, Disease Susceptibility, Humans, Life Change Events, Risk Factors, Sick Role, Stress, Psychological

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Stress and infectious disease in humans.

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