Expertise and age-related changes in components of intelligence.
Abstract
In a sample of 263 male GO players at 48 levels of expertise and ranging from 18 to 78 years of age, it was found that factors of expertise deductive reasoning (EDR) and expertise working memory (EWM) were independent of factors of fluid reasoning (Gf) and short-term working memory (STWM) that, along with cognitive speed (Gs), have been found to characterize decline of intelligence in adulthood. The main effects of analyses of cross-sectional age differences indicated age-related decline in EDR and EWM as well as in Gf, STWM, and Gs. However, interaction and partialing analyses indicated that decline in EDR and EWM decreased to no decline with increase in level of expertise. The results thus suggest that with increase in factors known to raise the level of expertise--particularly, intensive, well-designed practice--there may be no age-related decline in the intelligence that is measured in the abilities of expertise.
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Real-world cognition is usually shaped by relevant knowledge structures.
“cognition in the real world is, in our view, usually influenced by relevant knowledge structures”
From Enrichment Effects on Adult Cognitive Development: Can the Functional Capacity of Older Adults Be Preserved and Enhanced? (2008) · cites this paper as Masunaga & Horn, 2001
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References 97 · Cited by 105
- Authors
- Masunaga, H., & Horn, J.
- ORCID
- Masunaga, Hiromi
- Venue
- Psychology and Aging
- Published
- 2001
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 293-311
- ISSN
- 0882-7974 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1498
- OpenAlex
- W1997498320
- Cited by
- 105
- References
- 97
- Citations by year
- 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 7.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychology and Aging (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (AG00156)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Sport Psychology and Performance
- Keywords
- expertise, age-related cognitive decline, deductive reasoning, working memory, fluid intelligence, short-term working memory, cognitive speed, Go players, chess, practice effects
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aging, Analysis of Variance, Cognition, Humans, Intelligence, Logic, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Middle Aged, Practice, Psychological
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