The DOI matches its Crossref record; 622 of the 622 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Necessary but not sufficient: The respective roles of single and multiple influences on individual development.
Abstract
Necessary but not sufficient - the problem of individual outcomes variability evolutionary and ecological influences genetic, neural and hormonal influences biomedical and nutritional influences phenotypic influences proximal environmental influences distal environmental influences linkages among multiple influences temporal and specificity processes but not sufficient from principles to practice.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
Kuhn, T. S., & Schlegel, R. (1963) · Physics Today · doi:10.1063/1.3050879 · Cited by 35,538
Adolescence-limited and life-course-persistent antisocial behavior: a developmental taxonomy
Moffitt, T. E. (1993) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.100.4.674 · Cited by 9,987
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF PERSONAL CONSTRUCTS
(2010) · INQUIRING MAN: · doi:10.4324/9780203405321_chapter_1 · Cited by 8,573
Ecology of the family as a context for human development: Research perspectives.
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1986) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037//0012-1649.22.6.723 · Cited by 7,699
The Determinants of Parenting: A Process Model
Belsky, J. (1984) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1984.tb00275.x · Cited by 4,906
Community Structure and Crime: Testing Social-Disorganization Theory
Sampson, R. J., & Groves, W. B. (1989) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/229068 · Cited by 4,392
Parenting style as context: An integrative model.
Darling, N., & Steinberg, L. (1993) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.113.3.487 · Cited by 4,313
More Is Different: Broken symmetry and the nature of the hierarchical structure of science.
Anderson, P. W. (1972) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.177.4047.393 · Cited by 4,018
(1996) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.34-2458 · Cited by 3,732
(1989) · Long Range Planning · doi:10.1016/0024-6301(89)90186-6 · Cited by 3,431
Cited by
Socioeconomic status and child development
Bradley, R. H., & Corwyn, R. F. (2002) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.53.100901.135233 · Cited by 5,484
Developmental potential in the first 5 years for children in developing countries
Grantham-McGregor, S., Cheung, Y. B., Cueto, S., Glewwe, P., Richter, L., & Strupp, B. (2007) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(07)60032-4 · Cited by 3,630
The environment of childhood poverty
Evans, G. W. (2004) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.59.2.77 · Cited by 2,396
Child development and the physical environment.
Evans, G. W. (2006) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.57.102904.190057 · Cited by 814
Testing hypotheses on specific environmental causal effects on behavior.
Rutter, M., Pickles, A., Murray, R., & Eaves, L. (2001) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037//0033-2909.127.3.291 · Cited by 518
Metadata
- Authors
- Wachs, T. D.
- Venue
- American Psychological Association eBooks
- Publisher
- American Psychological Association
- Published
- 2000
- OpenAlex
- W1729493142
- Cited by
- 271
- References
- 622
- FWCI
- 8.08
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Necessary but not sufficient: The respective roles of single and multiple influences on individual development. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1037/10344-000
- The paper
- Wachs, T. D. (2000). Necessary but not sufficient: The respective roles of single and multiple influences on individual development. American Psychological Association eBooks. https://doi.org/10.1037/10344-000
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
