The DOI matches its Crossref record; 29 of the 30 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The validation of a self-report measure of posttraumatic stress disorder: The Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale
Abstract
The present article reports on the development and validation of a self-report measure of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale (PTDS), that yields both a PTSD diagnosis according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; American Psychiatric Association, 1994; DSM-IV) criteria and a measure of PTSD symptom severity. Two-hundred forty-eight participants who had experienced a wide variety of traumas (e.g., accident, fire, natural disaster, assault, combat) were administered the PTSD module of the Structured Clinical Interview (SCID; Spitzer, Williams, Gibbons, & First, 1990), the PTDS, and scales measuring trauma-related psychopathology. The PTDS demonstrated high internal consistency and test-retest reliability, high diagnostic agreement with SCID, and good sensitivity and specificity. The satisfactory validity of the PTDS was further supported by its high correlations with other measures of trauma-related psychopathology. Therefore, the PTDS appears to be a useful tool for screening and assessing current PTSD in clinical and research settings.
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In the citing paper
“The PSS-I has good convergent validity, test-retest reliability, and inter-rater reliability (Foa, Cashman, Jaycox, & Perry, 1997; Foa & Tolin, 2000).”
From Does change in distress matter? Mechanisms of change in prolonged exposure for PTSD (2014) · cites this paper as Foa, Cashman, Jaycox, & Perry, 1997
In the citing paper
“Chung and Reed [35] found that 60% of their sample met the diagnostic criteria for PTSD when assessed with the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale (PDS [46]).”
From Depression, anxiety, PTSD, and OCD after stillbirth: a systematic review (2021) · cites this paper as [46]
In the citing paper
“The Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale (PDS) is a well-validated self-report questionnaire to screen for posttraumatic stress.15”
From Posttraumatic stress, anxiety and depression following miscarriage and ectopic pregnancy: a multicenter, prospective, cohort study (2020) · cites this paper as [15]
In the citing paper
“PTSD symptom severity at 2 weeks was assessed using the self-report Post-traumatic Diagnostic Scale [PDS, (35); α =.92]”
From Early Linguistic Markers of Trauma-Specific Processing Predict Post-trauma Adjustment (2018) · cites this paper as [35]
In the citing paper
“Diagnoses for the study were confirmed by DSM-IV-TR criteria using a recognized PTSD questionnaire, the Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale [9].”
From The Use of a Synthetic Cannabinoid in the Management of Treatment‐Resistant Nightmares in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) (2009) · cites this paper as [9]
In the citing paper
“The PDS has adequate convergent validity and is highly correlated with other measures of trauma and PTSS (Foa et al., 1997).”
From Childhood Physical Abuse and Antisocial Traits: Mediating Role of Posttraumatic Stress Symptom Clusters (2022) · cites this paper as Foa et al., 1997
Citations
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,845
An inventory for measuring depression
BECK, A. T. (1961) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004 · Cited by 38,032
Impact of Event Scale: A Measure of Subjective Stress
Horowitz, M., Wilner, N., & Alvarez, W. (1979) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-197905000-00004 · Cited by 7,813
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd ed
Cooper, A. M., & Michels, R. (1981) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.138.1.128 · Cited by 7,419
Drake, M. M. (1988) · American Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.5014/ajot.42.10.683b · Cited by 5,303
Reliability and validity of a brief instrument for assessing post-traumatic stress disorder
Foa, E. B., Riggs, D. S., Dancu, C. V., & Rothbaum, B. O. (1993) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.2490060405 · Cited by 2,537
Self-citationMMPI-2 : Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 : manual for administration and scoring
Hathaway, S. R., & McKinley, J. (1989) · University of Minnesota Press eBooks · Cited by 2,450
Manual for the state-trait anxiety inventory (form Y) : "self-evaluation questionnaire"
Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., & Lushene, R. E. (1970) · Consulting Psychologists Press eBooks · Cited by 2,352
Keane, T. M., Caddell, J. M., & Taylor, K. L. (1988) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.56.1.85 · Cited by 1,323
A clinician rating scale for assessing current and lifetime PTSD. The CAPS-1
Blake, D. D., Weathers, F. W., Nagy, L., Kaloupek, D. G., Klauminzer, G. W., Charney, D. S., & Keane, T. M. (1990) · Behavior Therapy · Cited by 1,123
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Blevins, C. A., Weathers, F. W., Davis, M. T., Witte, T. K., & Domino, J. L. (2015) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22059 · Cited by 5,233
The Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory (PTCI): development and validation
Foa, E. B., Ehlers, A., Clark, D. M., Tolin, D. F., & Orsillo, S. M. (1999) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.11.3.303 · Cited by 1,727
Self-citationPsychological predictors of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder after motor vehicle accidents.
Ehlers, A., Mayou, R. A., & Bryant, B. (1998) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.107.3.508 · Cited by 1,059
Resick, P. A., Galovski, T. E., Uhlmansiek, M. O., Scher, C. D., Clum, G. A., & Young-Xu, Y. (2008) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.76.2.243 · Cited by 825
Yildiz, P. D., Ayers, S., & Phillips, L. (2017) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.10.009 · Cited by 768
Metadata
- Authors
- Foa, E. B., Cashman, L., Jaycox, L., & Perry, K.
- Venue
- Psychological Assessment
- Published
- 1997-12
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 445-451
- ISSN
- 1040-3590 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-134X
- OpenAlex
- W2046229376
- Semantic Scholar
- 911ae48c8b0e9e92af3098fd933ad0ca377e4d74
- Cited by
- 2,709
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 50 · 2025: 54 · 2024: 73 · 2023: 76 · 2022: 89 · 2021: 123 · 2020: 126 · 2019: 118 · 2018: 141 · 2017: 155 · 2016: 154 · 2015: 167 · 2014: 163 · 2013: 165 · 2012: 143
- FWCI
- 11.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Assessment (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Keywords
- post-traumatic stress disorder, self-report measures, PTSD symptom severity, diagnostic validity, DSM-IV diagnostic criteria, trauma-related psychopathology, screening tool, test-retest reliability, internal consistency, diagnostic agreement
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