Immediate antecedents of cigarette smoking in smokers with and without posttraumatic stress disorder: A preliminary study
Abstract
Using ambulatory methods for 1 day of monitoring, the authors of this study investigated the association between smoking and situational cues in 63 smokers with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and 32 smokers without PTSD. Generalized estimating equations contrasted 682 smoking and 444 nonsmoking situations by group status. Smoking was strongly related to craving, positive and negative affect, PTSD symptoms, restlessness, and several situational variables among PTSD smokers. For non-PTSD smokers, the only significant antecedent variables for smoking were craving, drinking coffee, being alone, not being with family, not working, and being around others who were smoking. These results are consistent with previous ambulatory findings regarding mood in smokers but also underscore that, in certain populations, mood and symptom variables may be significantly associated with ad lib smoking.
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The presence of PTSD symptoms such as hyperarousal and emotional numbing is a predictor for nicotine dependence, and these symptoms are reduced by nicotine intake.
“Furthermore, several studies have shown that the presence of PTSD symptoms, such as hyperarousal and emotional numbing, is a predictor for nicotine dependence and these symptoms are reduced by nicotine intake (Beckham et al., 2005; Feldner et al., 2007; Greenberg et al., 2012; Thorndike, Wernicke, Pearlman, & Haaga, 2006).”
From Nicotine addiction and psychiatric disorders (2015) · cites this paper as Beckham et al., 2005
PTSD symptoms are reduced during nicotine intake.
“while PTSD symptoms are reduced during nicotine intake (Beckham et al., 2005; Feldner et al., 2007; Greenberg et al., 2012; Thorndike et al., 2006)”
From Nicotine addiction and psychiatric disorders (2015) · cites this paper as Beckham et al., 2005
Human studies suggest that smoking may alleviate symptoms associated with anxiety disorders, while nicotine abstinence worsens those symptoms and results in higher rates of reinitiation of smoking.
“While human studies suggest that smoking may alleviate the symptoms associated with anxiety disorders (Beckham et al., 2005; Feldner et al., 2007; Greenberg et al., 2012; Thorndike et al., 2006), nicotine abstinence worsens those symptoms (Dedert et al., 2011) and results in higher rates of reinitiation of smoking (Beckham et al., 2012; Hapke et al., 2005; Lasser et al., 2000).”
From Nicotine addiction and psychiatric disorders (2015) · cites this paper as Beckham et al., 2005
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References 60 · Cited by 70
- Authors
- Beckham, J. C., Feldman, M. E., Vrana, S. R., Mozley, S. L., Erkanli, A., Clancy, C. P., & Rose, J. E.
- Affiliations
- Duke University (US)
- Venue
- Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology
- Published
- 2005
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 219-228
- ISSN
- 1064-1297 (ISSN-L)
- 1936-2293
- OpenAlex
- W2130681227
- Cited by
- 70
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 2.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (R01 CA 81595, R01CA081595)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Keywords
- cigarette smoking, post-traumatic stress disorder, smoking cues, craving, mood, situational cues, ambulatory monitoring, tobacco use
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Affect, Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Motivation, Smoking, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Nicotiana
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