Behavioral and subjective effects of D-amphetamine and modafinil in healthy adults.
Abstract
Modafinil is indicated for the management of excessive daytime sleepiness; however, recent studies have examined a broad range of potential uses. Given that clinical uses of modafinil may be expanding, this study compared modafinil and d-amphetamine effects on subjective and performance measures. Across 11 sessions, 11 healthy adults were tested after oral doses of placebo (5 sessions), modafinil (1.75 mg/kg, 3.50 mg/kg, or 7.00 mg/kg), and d-amphetamine (0.035 mg/kg, 0.070 mg/kg, 0.140 mg/kg) under double-blind, randomized conditions. Assessments of cognitive performance and subjective effects were completed before drug administration, 30 min after drug administration, and at hourly intervals after drug administration for 5 hr. Modafinil increased ratings on the Amphetamine and Morphine Benzedrine Group scales of the Addiction Research Center Inventory (ARCI) and increased ratings on the Vigor and Total Positive scales of the Profile of Mood States. d-Amphetamine increased visual analog ratings of feeling stimulated and liking the drug and increased ratings on the Morphine Benzedrine Group scale of the ARCI. Both medications significantly reduced visual analog scale ratings of feeling sleepy, and modafinil decreased ratings on the ARCI Pentobarbital-Chlorpromazine-Alcohol Group scale. Both medications sustained performance that deteriorated across time on the Sternberg Number Recognition Test. Modafinil also enhanced performance rate on the Digit-Symbol Substitution Task abo…
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Seven studies found either main effects or time-dependent effects of amphetamine on spatial working memory.
“Seven studies found either main effects or time‐dependent effects of AMP on SWM (Barch & Carter, 2005; Fleming et al., 1995; Makris et al., 2007; Mintzer & Griffiths, 2003; Ward et al., 1997b; Wardle et al., 2012; Willson et al., 2004)”
From Systematic reviews of the acute effects of amphetamine on working memory and other cognitive performances in healthy individuals, with a focus on the potential influence of personality traits (2023) · cites this paper as Makris et al., 2007
Low to moderate (5-25 mg) administration of amphetamine in healthy subjects enhanced some spatial working memory performance measures, indicating that amphetamine might have some degree of influence on spatial working memory performance.
“Specifically, low to moderate (5–25 mg) administration of AMP in healthy subjects enhanced reaction time on SIRP (Ward et al., 1997b; Willson et al., 2004), enhanced SWM on SIRP in a time‐dependent manner (Makris et al., 2007), enhanced reaction time on single and dual tasks (Barch & Carter, 2005), enhanced performance accuracy on spatial delay response task (Fleming et al., 1995), enhanced perfor”
From Systematic reviews of the acute effects of amphetamine on working memory and other cognitive performances in healthy individuals, with a focus on the potential influence of personality traits (2023) · cites this paper as Makris et al., 2007
Five studies did not find an effect of amphetamine on learning or memory.
“The remaining five studies did not find an effect of AMP on learning or memory (Cavanagh et al., 2022; Comer et al., 1996; Makris et al., 2007; Mintzer & Griffiths, 2003; Patat et al., 1996).”
From Systematic reviews of the acute effects of amphetamine on working memory and other cognitive performances in healthy individuals, with a focus on the potential influence of personality traits (2023) · cites this paper as Makris et al., 2007
Three of the four studies that reported AMP improves the response rate component of SWM used the SIRP task.
“Three (Makris et al., 2007; Ward et al., 1997a, 1997b; Willson et al., 2004) of the four studies that reported AMP improves the response rate component of SWM used SIRP task”
From Systematic reviews of the acute effects of amphetamine on working memory and other cognitive performances in healthy individuals, with a focus on the potential influence of personality traits (2023) · cites this paper as Makris et al., 2007
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References 60 · Cited by 68
- Authors
- Makris, A. P., Rush, C. R., Frederich, R. C., Taylor, A. C., & Kelly, T. H.
- Affiliations
- Temple University (US)
- University of Kentucky (US)
- Bristol-Myers Squibb (United States) (US)
- Venue
- Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology
- Published
- 2007-04
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 123-133
- ISSN
- 1064-1297 (ISSN-L)
- 1936-2293
- OpenAlex
- W2073893366
- Cited by
- 68
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 1.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R03 DA13484-01)
- National Institutes of Health
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations
- Keywords
- modafinil, d-amphetamine, stimulants, subjective effects, cognitive performance, alertness, excessive daytime sleepiness, Addiction Research Center Inventory, Profile of Mood States, arousal, sustained attention, healthy adults
- MeSH terms
- Modafinil, Administration, Oral, Adult, Affect, Central Nervous System Stimulants, Behavior, Benzhydryl Compounds, Cognition, Dextroamphetamine, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Pain Measurement, Psychomotor Performance, Reaction Time, Time Factors
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