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An exploration of the emotional cascade model in borderline personality disorder
Open accessAbstract
The emotional cascade model proposes that the emotional and behavioral dysregulation of individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) may be fundamentally linked through emotional cascades, vicious cycles of intense rumination and negative affect that may induce aversive emotional states. In order to reduce this aversive emotion, dysregulated behaviors such as non-suicidal self-injury may then be used as distractions from intense rumination. This study explored emotional cascades in a sample enriched with participants meeting diagnostic criteria for BPD. The first part of the study explored a structural equation model that examined the mediational effects of emotional cascades on the relationship between BPD symptoms and dysregulated behavior and found evidence for full mediation, even after controlling for symptoms of depression and other Cluster B disorders. The second part of the study examined the effects of a rumination induction conducted with the intention of eliciting emotional cascades in those diagnosed with BPD. The results demonstrated that individuals with BPD experienced greater reactivity and intensity of negative affect, but not of positive affect, following the procedure-even when controlling for current depressive symptoms. Future directions and clinical implications for the emotional cascade model are discussed.
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“There is furthermore a risk that persistent ambivalence contributes to persistent rumination and in consequence, to symptoms of overarousal, sleep problems or agitation that may in turn be associated with increased suicidal thoughts or behavior (44, 45).”
From Ambivalence model of suicidality [ABS-model]: an orientation model for the treatment of suicidal individuals (2024) · cites this paper as [45]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Selby, E. A., Anestis, M. D., Bender, T. W., & Joiner, T. E.
- Affiliations
- Florida State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Joiner, Thomas E.
- Venue
- Journal of Abnormal Psychology
- Published
- 2009-05
- Volume
- 118
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 375-387
- ISSN
- 0021-843X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1846
- PMC
- PMC2842601
- OpenAlex
- W1997775530
- Cited by
- 290
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 10.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Abnormal Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Rutgers University Community Repository (Rutgers University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (F31MH081396)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Keywords
- borderline personality disorder, emotional dysregulation, behavioral dysregulation, rumination, non-suicidal self-injury, negative affect, positive affect, rumination induction, mediation, depression
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Affect, Borderline Personality Disorder, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Models, Psychological, Surveys and Questionnaires, Self-Injurious Behavior, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Young Adult
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