The relative roles of bipolar disorder and psychomotor agitation in substance dependence
Open accessAbstract
Previous studies have shown that both bipolar disorder (BPD) and psychomotor agitation (PMA) are associated with substance dependence. These two findings have yet to be integrated, despite evidence that PMA is closely linked with the bipolar spectrum. Accordingly, the current study examined whether BPD and PMA had unique or overlapping associations with substance dependence disorders. Participants were 2,300 individuals seeking outpatient psychiatric treatment. Before treatment, participants were assessed using structured clinical interviews, which yielded DSM-IV psychiatric diagnoses and clinical ratings of mood symptoms. Current PMA and lifetime BPD were present in 483 and 172 (bipolar I, n = 71; bipolar II, n = 101) participants, respectively. Current PMA and lifetime BPD each were associated with increased prevalence of lifetime nicotine, alcohol, and drug dependence (ORs >or= 1.52, ps
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In adults with bipolar disorder, smoking has been associated with higher symptom load for mania, depression and anxiety, more agitation and impulsivity, more hospitalizations, lower functionality and more suicide attempts.
“In adults with BD, smoking has also been associated with higher symptom load for mania, depression and anxiety (43, 44), more agitation and impulsivity (45, 46), more hospitalizations, lower functionality and more suicide attempts (6, 47, 48).”
From The detrimental effects of smoking on the course and outcome in adults with bipolar disorder—A narrative review (2023) · cites this paper as [46]
The Results (Independent relations of BPD and PMA to substance dependence; page unavailable) associate psychomotor agitation with nicotine dependence, and the Results (Rates of BPD, PMA, and their co-occurrence; page unavailable) report that agitation was more common in patients with bipolar disorder. The paper does not establish that smokers with bipolar disorder had more agitation than nonsmokers with bipolar disorder, and it does not report greater impulsivity in those smokers. The other outcomes in the citing sentence are attached to different citations. (LLM, conf=0.82)
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References 20 · Cited by 19
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Compton WM Thomas YF Stinson FS Grant BF 2007 Prevalence, correlates, disability, and comorbidity of DSM-IV drug abuse and dependence in the United States: results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions Archives of General Psychiatry 64 5 566 576 17485608
- Authors
- Leventhal, A. M., & Zimmerman, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Southern California (US)
- Brown University (US)
- Venue
- Psychology of Addictive Behaviors
- Published
- 2010
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 360-365
- ISSN
- 0893-164X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1501
- PMC
- PMC3150706
- OpenAlex
- W2012964895
- Cited by
- 19
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 0.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychology of Addictive Behaviors (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA02504)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Keywords
- bipolar disorder, psychomotor agitation, substance dependence, nicotine dependence, alcoholism, drug addiction, bipolar spectrum, comorbidities, mood symptoms
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Bipolar Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychomotor Agitation, Severity of Illness Index, Prevalence, Odds Ratio, Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry), Substance-Related Disorders, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
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