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Cited by 799Eating Disorders and BehaviorsNutrition, Health and Food BehaviorMental Health Research Topics

Revisiting the affect regulation model of binge eating: a meta-analysis of studies using ecological momentary assessment.

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Haedt-Matt, Alissa A., Keel, Pamela K.·2011·Psychological Bulletin
DOI 10.1037/a0023660PMC PMC3100657
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Abstract

The affect regulation model of binge eating, which posits that patients binge eat to reduce negative affect (NA), has received support from cross-sectional and laboratory-based studies. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) involves momentary ratings and repeated assessments over time and is ideally suited to identify temporal antecedents and consequences of binge eating. This meta-analytic review includes EMA studies of affect and binge eating. Electronic database and manual searches produced 36 EMA studies with N = 968 participants (89% Caucasian women). Meta-analyses examined changes in affect before and after binge eating using within-subjects standardized mean gain effect sizes (ESs). Results supported greater NA preceding binge eating relative to average affect (ES = 0.63) and affect before regular eating (ES = 0.68). However, NA increased further following binge episodes (ES = 0.50). Preliminary findings suggested that NA decreased following purging in bulimia nervosa (ES = -0.46). Moderators included diagnosis (with significantly greater elevations of NA prior to bingeing in binge eating disorder compared to bulimia nervosa) and binge definition (with significantly smaller elevations of NA before binge vs. regular eating episodes for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders definition compared to lay definitions of binge eating). Overall, results fail to support the affect regulation model of binge eating and challenge reductions in NA as a maintenance factor for binge eating. However, limitations of this literature include unidimensional analyses of NA and inadequate examination of affect during binge eating, as binge eating may regulate only specific facets of affect or may reduce NA only during the episode.

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  • Emotional eating might serve to reduce the intensity of negative emotions.

    “Thus, emotional eating might serve to reduce the intensity of negative emotions (Spoor et al., 2007; Haedt-Matt and Keel, 2011; Macht and Simons, 2011; Haedt-Matt et al., 2014; Litwin et al., 2017; Guerrini Usubini et al., 2021).”

    From The Mediating Role of Psychological Inflexibility in the Relationship Between Anxiety, Depression, and Emotional Eating in Adult Individuals With Obesity (2022) · cites this paper as Haedt-Matt and Keel, 2011

    The Results (Consequences of Binge Eating; page unavailable) report that negative affect increased significantly after binge eating. The Discussion acknowledges that particular emotions might become less aversive, but says this possibility was not reliably observed; its overall conclusion is contrary to the claimed reduction in negative emotions. (LLM, conf=0.84)

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Authors
Haedt-Matt, A. A., & Keel, P. K.
Affiliations
Florida State University (US)
ORCID
Keel, Pamela K.
Venue
Psychological Bulletin
Publisher
American Psychological Association (APA)
Published
2011-07
Volume
137
Issue
4
Pages
660-681
ISSN
  • 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
  • 1939-1455
DOI
10.1037/a0023660
PMC
PMC3100657
OpenAlex
W2078080642
Cited by
799
References
170
Citations by year
2026: 40 · 2025: 61 · 2024: 58 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 62 · 2021: 76 · 2020: 66 · 2019: 62 · 2018: 58 · 2017: 64 · 2016: 42 · 2015: 55 · 2014: 44 · 2013: 39 · 2012: 22
FWCI
5.28
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Mental Health (F31 MH085456)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
Keywords
binge eating, negative affect, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, purging
MeSH terms
Affect, Appetite Regulation, Bulimia, Environmental Monitoring, Humans, Models, Psychological, Patient Compliance, Time Factors, Publication Bias, Self Report

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