Restless pillow, ruffled mind: Sleep and affect coupling in interepisode bipolar disorder.
Open accessAbstract
Disturbances in sleep and affect are prominent features of bipolar disorder, even during interepisode periods. Few longitudinal studies have prospectively examined the relationship between naturally occurring sleep and affect, and no studies to date have done so during interepisode periods of bipolar disorder and using the entire set of "gold standard" sleep parameters. Participants diagnosed with bipolar I disorder who were interepisode (n = 32) and healthy controls (n = 36) completed diagnostic and symptom severity interviews, and a daily sleep and affect diary, as well as an actigraphy sleep assessment, for eight weeks (M = 54 days, ± 8 days). Mutual information analysis was used to assess the degree of statistical dependence, or coupling, between time series data of sleep and affect. As measured by actigraphy, longer sleep onset latency was coupled with higher negative affect more strongly in the bipolar group than in the control group. As measured by sleep diary, longer wakefulness after sleep onset and lower sleep efficiency were coupled with higher negative affect significantly more strongly in the bipolar group than in the control group. By contrast, there were no significant differences between groups in the degree of coupling between any measures of sleep and positive affect. Findings support the coupling of sleep disturbance and negative affect during interepisode bipolar disorder. Ongoing monitoring of sleep-affect coupling may provide an important target for intervention in bipolar disorder.
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Previous studies on mental health relied on the mutual information (MI) method from information theory.
“Instead of correlations, previous studies on mental health relied on the mutual information (MI) method from Information theory [87-89].”
The mutual information (MI) method measures both linear and nonlinear statistical dependencies between variables.
“The advantage of using the MI method is that the MI measures both linear and nonlinear statistical dependencies between variables.”
Correlation coefficients only measure the extent of the linear relationship between variables.
“Moreover, correlation coefficients only measure the extent of the linear relationship between variables [87,88].”
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References 72 · Cited by 70
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- First MB Spitzer RL Gibbon M Williams J 2007 Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV-TR axis I disorders–Patient edition (SCID-I/P, 1/2007 revision) Biometrics Research Department New York, NY New York State Psychiatric Institute
- Authors
- Gershon, A., Thompson, W. K., Eidelman, P., McGlinchey, E. L., Kaplan, K. A., & Harvey, A. G.
- Affiliations
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Abnormal Psychology
- Published
- 2012-11
- Volume
- 121
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 863-873
- ISSN
- 0021-843X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1846
- PMC
- PMC3612504
- OpenAlex
- W2158435945
- Cited by
- 70
- References
- 72
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 3.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Journal of Abnormal Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (F32 MH76339, R34 MH080958)
- Department of Veterans Affairs
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Keywords
- bipolar disorder, sleep disorders, negative affect, positive affect, sleep latency, wake after sleep onset, sleep efficiency, actigraphy, sleep diary, mutual information analysis
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Affect, Bipolar Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychomotor Agitation, Severity of Illness Index, Sleep, Sleep Wake Disorders, Actigraphy
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