The effect of time of night on wake–dream continuity.
Open accessAbstract
Research has demonstrated a number of time-of-night and stage-of-sleep differences\nin dream content, such as that dreams from later in the night are longer, more emotional,\nand more bizarre. It was hypothesized that time of night may therefore demonstrate\ndifferences in the continuity of waking life into dreams. Participants (N � 16) were\nsystematically awoken 4 times a night for 2 nights and rated their dreams for wake-\n–dream continuity on a number of dimensions. It was found that time of night affects\nwake–dream continuity overall, particularly showing an increase of bizarreness over\ntime; that there were more references to waking-life media in the early than late night; that\nthere were more references to waking-life activities and objects in the late than early night;\nand that the ways in which different types of wake–dream continuity correlate (such as\ncontinuity with present, past, and future waking life) change from the early to the late\nnight. No stage-of-sleep effects were able to be demonstrated. The results support the\nhypothesis that time of night affects wake–dream continuity.
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References 25 · Cited by 14
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Malinowski, J. E. How and why we dream of waking life: An empirical investigation into the Continuity Hypothesis of dreaming. Unpublished thesis, 2012. Accessible from ethos.bl.uk
- McNamara, P., McLaren, D., Smith, D., Brown, A., and Stickgold, R. A ''Jekyll and Hyde'' within: aggressive versus friendly interactions in REM and non-REM dreams. Psychol. Sci., 2005, 16: 130-136.
- Schredl, M. Continuity between waking and dreaming: a proposal for a mathematical model. S leep Hypn. , 2002, 5: 26-40.
- Authors
- Malinowski, J. E., & Horton, C. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Bedfordshire (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Malinowski, Josie E.
- Venue
- Dreaming
- Published
- 2014-12
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 253-269
- ISSN
- 1053-0797 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-3351
- OpenAlex
- W2324981329
- Cited by
- 14
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 0.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Dreaming (publishedVersion)
- BGRO - Business, Governance and Religious Organisations Repository (acceptedVersion)
- UEL Research Repository (University of East London) (acceptedVersion)
- UEL Research Repository (University of East London) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Keywords
- dream content, dream bizarreness, dream recall
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