Cited by 168Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesNeural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesTreatment of Major Depression

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Self-referential processing in depressed adolescents: A high-density event-related potential study

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Auerbach, Randy P., Stanton, Colin H., Proudfit, Greg Hajcak, Pizzagalli, Diego A.·2015·Journal of Abnormal Psychology

DOI 10.1037/abn0000023PMC PMC4429006

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Abstract

Despite the alarming increase in the prevalence of depression during adolescence, particularly among female adolescents, the pathophysiology of depression in adolescents remains largely unknown. Event-related potentials (ERPs) provide an ideal approach to investigate cognitive-affective processes associated with depression in adolescents, especially in the context of negative self-referential processing biases. In this study, healthy (n = 30) and depressed (n = 22) female adolescents completed a self-referential encoding task while ERP data were recorded. To examine cognitive-affective processes associated with self-referential processing, P1, P2, and late positive potential (LPP) responses to negative and positive words were investigated, and intracortical sources of scalp effects were probed using low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (LORETA). Additionally, we tested whether key cognitive processes (e.g., maladaptive self-view, self-criticism) previously implicated in depression related to ERP components. Relative to healthy female subjects, depressed females endorsed more negative and fewer positive words, and free recalled and recognized fewer positive words. With respect to ERPs, compared with healthy female adolescents, depressed adolescents exhibited greater P1 amplitudes following negative words, which was associated with a more maladaptive self-view and self-criticism. In both early and late LPP responses, depressed females showed greater activity following negative versus positive words, whereas healthy females demonstrated the opposite pattern. For both P1 and LPP, LORETA revealed reduced inferior frontal gyrus activity in response to negative words in depressed versus healthy female adolescents. Collectively, these findings suggest that the P1 and LPP reflect biased self-referential processing in female adolescents with depression. Potential treatment implications are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record

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Self-citation

Authors: Auerbach, R. P., Stanton, C. H., Proudfit, G. H., & Pizzagalli, D. A.
Affiliations: Harvard University (US)
Stony Brook University (US)
ORCID: Auerbach, Randy P.
Stanton, Colin H.
Pizzagalli, Diego A.
Venue: Journal of Abnormal Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2015-05
Volume: 124
Issue: 2
Pages: 233-245
ISSN: 0021-843X (ISSN-L)
1939-1846
DOI: 10.1037/abn0000023
PMC: PMC4429006
OpenAlex: W2133058207
Cited by: 168
References: 48
Citations by year: 2026: 18 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 10
FWCI: 15.11
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: other-oa
www.apa.org/pubs/journals/resources/open-access.aspx (am, 277 d)
Locations: Journal of Abnormal Psychology (publishedVersion, other-oa)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (K23MH097786, R01MH68376 and R01MH101521)
Harvard Medical School
Klingenstein Third Generation Foundation
Tommy Fuss Fund
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
Keywords: adolescent depression, self-referential processing, P1 component, late positive potential, P2 component, self-criticism, inferior frontal gyrus, LORETA source localization, emotional word processing, adolescent girls
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Affect, Depressive Disorder, Major, Major Depressive Disorder, Evoked Potentials, Female, Humans, Self Concept, Prefrontal Cortex

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Self-referential processing in depressed adolescents: A high-density event-related potential study

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