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Cited by 632

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 222 of the 222 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Is bilingualism associated with enhanced executive functioning in adults? A meta-analytic review.

Open access
Lehtonen, Minna, Soveri, Anna, Laine, Aini, Järvenpää, Janica, de Bruin, Angela, Antfolk, Jan·2018·Psychological Bulletin
DOI 10.1037/bul0000142
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Abstract

Because of enduring experience of managing two languages, bilinguals have been argued to develop superior executive functioning compared with monolinguals. Despite extensive investigation, there is, however, no consensus regarding the existence of such a bilingual advantage. Here we synthesized comparisons of bilinguals' and monolinguals' performance in six executive domains using 891 effect sizes from 152 studies on adults. We also included unpublished data, and considered the potential influence of a number of study-, task-, and participant-related variables. Before correcting estimates for observed publication bias, our analyses revealed a very small bilingual advantage for inhibition, shifting, and working memory, but not for monitoring or attention. No evidence for a bilingual advantage remained after correcting for bias. For verbal fluency, our analyses indicated a small bilingual disadvantage, possibly reflecting less exposure for each individual language when using two languages in a balanced manner. Moreover, moderator analyses did not support theoretical presuppositions concerning the bilingual advantage. We conclude that the available evidence does not provide systematic support for the widely held notion that bilingualism is associated with benefits in cognitive control functions in adults. (PsycINFO Database Record

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Metadata

Authors
Lehtonen, M., Soveri, A., Laine, A., Järvenpää, J., de Bruin, A., & Antfolk, J.
Venue
Psychological Bulletin
Publisher
American Psychological Association (APA)
Published
2018-04
Volume
144
Issue
4
Pages
394-425
ISSN
  • 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
  • 1939-1455
DOI
10.1037/bul0000142
OpenAlex
W2792084808
Cited by
632
References
222
FWCI
41.08
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Is bilingualism associated with enhanced executive functioning in adults? A meta-analytic review. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1037/bul0000142
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Lehtonen, M., Soveri, A., Laine, A., Järvenpää, J., de Bruin, A., & Antfolk, J. (2018). Is bilingualism associated with enhanced executive functioning in adults? A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000142

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