The DOI matches its Crossref record; 7 of the 7 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Inhibition of avoidance behavior.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Although such an account is plausible for the present data, it fails to explain the active inhibition of fear found by Rescorla and LoLordo (1965), Rescorla (1966), and Hammond (1967).”
From Probability of shock in the presence and absence of cs in fear conditioning. (1968) · cites this paper as Rescorla and LoLordo (1965)
Citations
Cites
Avoidance Conditioning with Brief Shock and No Exteroceptive Warning Signal
Sidman, M. (1953) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.118.3058.157 · Cited by 663
The conditioned emotional response as a function of intensity of the US.
Annau, Z., & Kamin, L. J. (1961) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0042199 · Cited by 563
Traumatic avoidance learning: the principles of anxiety conservation and partial irreversibility.
Solomon, R. L., & Wynne, L. C. (1954) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0054540 · Cited by 424
Traumatic avoidance learning: Acquisition in normal dogs.
Solomon, R. L., & Wynne, L. C. (1953) · The Psychological Monographs · doi:10.1037/h0093649 · Cited by 359
Solomon, R. L., & Turner, L. H. (1962) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0049385 · Cited by 134
The effect of variable food reinforcement on the strength of a secondary reward.
McClelland, D. C., & McGown, D. R. (1953) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0054241 · Cited by 21
Conditioned vasomotor responses in the rabbit.
Fromer, R. (1963) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0049302 · Cited by 12
Cited by
Sorted by citations
An opponent-process theory of motivation. I. Temporal dynamics of affect
Solomon, R. L., & Corbit, J. D. (1974) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0036128 · Cited by 1,704
Judgment of contingency in depressed and nondepressed students: Sadder but wiser?
Alloy, L. B., & Abramson, L. Y. (1979) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.108.4.441 · Cited by 1,692
Species-specific defense reactions and avoidance learning
Bolles, R. C. (1970) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0028589 · Cited by 1,610
Seligman, M. E. P. (1971) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(71)80064-3 · Cited by 1,649
Two-process learning theory: Relationships between Pavlovian conditioning and instrumental learning.
Rescorla, R. A., & Solomon, R. L. (1967) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0024475 · Cited by 1,487
Self-citationPavlovian conditioning and its proper control procedures.
Rescorla, R. A. (1967) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0024109 · Cited by 1,387
Self-citationProbability of shock in the presence and absence of cs in fear conditioning.
Rescorla, R. A. (1968) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0025984 · Cited by 1,067
Self-citationClassical conditioning of proboscis extension in honeybees (Apis mellifera).
Bitterman, M. E., Menzel, R., Fietz, A., & Sch?fer, S. (1983) · Journal of comparative psychology · doi:10.1037/0735-7036.97.2.107 · Cited by 1,077
Reinforcement, expectancy, and learning.
Bolles, R. C. (1972) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0033120 · Cited by 1,091
Structure-based discovery of opioid analgesics with reduced side effects
Manglik, A., Lin, H., Aryal, D. K., McCorvy, J. D., Dengler, D. G., Corder, G. F., Levit, A., Kling, R. C., Bernat, V., Hübner, H., et al. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature19112 · Cited by 978
Pavlovian conditioned inhibition.
Rescorla, R. A. (1969) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0027760 · Cited by 867
Self-citationReinforcement learning in the brain
Niv, Y. (2009) · Journal of Mathematical Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jmp.2008.12.005 · Cited by 775
An Opponent-Process Theory of Motivation
Solomon, R. L., & Corbit, J. D. (2008) · Cited by 461
Unpredictable and Uncontrollable Aversive Events
Seligman, M. E. P., Maier, S. F., & Solomon, R. L. (1971) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-137950-6.50011-0 · Cited by 457
Kim, H., Shimojo, S., & O’Doherty, J. P. (2006) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0040233 · Cited by 470
"Learned safety" as a mechanism in long-delay taste-aversion learning in rats.
Kalat, J. W., & Rozin, P. (1973) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0034424 · Cited by 397
Avoidance learning: a review of theoretical models and recent developments
Krypotos, A. (2015) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00189 · Cited by 402
Chronic fear produced by unpredictable electric shock.
Seligman, M. E. P. (1968) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0026355 · Cited by 373
Context and conditioning: A place for space
Nadel, L., & Willner, J. (1980) · Physiological Psychology · doi:10.3758/bf03332853 · Cited by 379
Grossberg, S. (1982) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.89.5.529 · Cited by 377
The birth, death and resurrection of avoidance: a reconceptualization of a troubled paradigm
LeDoux, J. E., Moscarello, J., Sears, R., & Campese, V (2017) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2016.166 · Cited by 348
Dialogues on prediction errors
Niv, Y., & Schoenbaum, G. M. (2008) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2008.03.006 · Cited by 377
Appetitive Pavlovian-instrumental Transfer: A review
Cartoni, E., Balleine, B. W., & Baldassarre, G. (2016) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.09.020 · Cited by 346
Reward learning: reinforcement, incentives, and expectations
Berridge, K. C. (2000) · Psychology of Learning and Motivation · doi:10.1016/s0079-7421(00)80022-5 · Cited by 318
An opponent-process theory of motivation. II. Cigarette addiction
Solomon, R. L., & Corbit, J. D. (1973) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0034534 · Cited by 290
Oleson, E. B., Gentry, R. N., Chioma, V. C., & Cheer, J. F. (2012) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3087-12.2012 · Cited by 272
Conditioned inhibition of fear resulting from negative CS-US contingencies.
Rescorla, R. A. (1969) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0027313 · Cited by 258
Self-citationThe role of fear in theories of avoidance learning, flooding, and extinction.
Mineka, S. (1979) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.86.5.985 · Cited by 239
Facilitation of instrumental behavior by a Pavlovian appetitive conditioned stimulus.
Lovibond, P. F. (1983) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Animal Behavior Processes · doi:10.1037/0097-7403.9.3.225 · Cited by 225
A Neural Theory of Punishment and Avoidance, II: Quantitative Theory
Grossberg, S. (1982) · Boston studies in the philosophy of science · doi:10.1007/978-94-009-7758-7_5 · Cited by 221
Conditioned learning in alcohol dependence: implications for cue exposure treatment
Drummond, C., COOPER, T., & Glautier, S. (1990) · British Journal of Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1990.tb01685.x · Cited by 209
Pavlovian conditioned stimulus effects upon instrumental choice behavior are reinforcer specific
Kruse, J. M., Overmier, J., Konz, W., & Rokke, E. (1983) · Learning and Motivation · doi:10.1016/0023-9690(83)90004-8 · Cited by 226
Species-Specific Defense Reactions
Bolles, R. (1971) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-137950-6.50008-0 · Cited by 213
Event timing turns punishment to reward
Tanimoto, H., Heisenberg, M., & Gerber, B. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/430983a · Cited by 197
McAllister, W. R., & McAllister, D. E. (1971) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-137950-6.50007-9 · Cited by 193
Second-order conditioning with food unconditioned stimulus.
Holland, P. C., & Rescorla, R. A. (1975) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0076219 · Cited by 187
Self-citationPredictability and number of pairings in Pavlovian fear conditioning
Rescorla, R. A. (1966) · Psychonomic Science · doi:10.3758/bf03342350 · Cited by 184
Self-citationGrossberg, S., & Schmajuk, N. A. (1987) · Psychobiology · doi:10.3758/bf03327274 · Cited by 183
Effort and Valuation in the Brain: The Effects of Anticipation and Execution
Kurniawan, I. T., Guitart‐Masip, M., Dayan, P., & Dolan, R. J. (2013) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4777-12.2013 · Cited by 188
Relaxation Theory and Experiments
Denny, M. R. (1971) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-137950-6.50009-2 · Cited by 176
Behavioral effects of benzodiazepines: A review
Dantzer, R. (1977) · Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/0147-7552(77)90014-6 · Cited by 171
Role of safety in the Pavlovian backward fear conditioning procedure.
Moscovitch, A., & LoLordo, V. M. (1968) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0026548 · Cited by 166
Self-citationChoosing between predictable and unpredictable shock conditions: Data and theory.
Badia, P., Harsh, J., & Abbott, B. B. (1979) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.86.5.1107 · Cited by 153
INHIBITION AND THE STIMULUS CONTROL OF OPERANT BEHAVIOR1
Hearst, E. S., Besley, S. S., & Farthing, G. W. (1970) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1901/jeab.1970.14-s373 · Cited by 154
CHOICE OF LONGER OR STRONGER SIGNALLED SHOCK OVER SHORTER OR WEAKER UNSIGNALLED SHOCK1
Badia, P., Culbertson, S., & Harsh, J. (1973) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1901/jeab.1973.19-25 · Cited by 152
The defense motivation system: A theory of avoidance behavior
Masterson, F. A., & Crawford, M. (1982) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00014114 · Cited by 155
Recent Developments in Classical Conditioning
McSweeney, F. K., & Bierley, C. M. (1984) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/208999 · Cited by 151
The role of contingency in classical conditioning.
Papini, M. R., & Bitterman, M. E. (1990) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.97.3.396 · Cited by 135
Positive and negative attitudinal affect established by classical conditioning.
Zanna, M. P., Kiesler, C. A., & Pilkonis, P. A. (1970) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0028991 · Cited by 131
Inhibition of delay in Pavlovian fear conditioning.
Rescorla, R. A. (1967) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0024810 · Cited by 126
Self-citationGrossberg, S. (1984) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1984.tb23523.x · Cited by 123
A neural theory of punishment and avoidance, I: Qualitative theory
Grossberg, S. (1972) · Mathematical Biosciences · doi:10.1016/0025-5564(72)90062-4 · Cited by 122
The Avoidance Learning Problem
Bolles, R. C. (1972) · The Psychology of learning and motivation/The psychology of learning and motivation · doi:10.1016/s0079-7421(08)60385-0 · Cited by 123
Corbit, L. H., & Balleine, B. W. (2015) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2015_388 · Cited by 118
Stimulus Selection and A “Modified Continuity Theoryrdquo;
Wagner, A. R. (1970) · The Psychology of learning and motivation/The psychology of learning and motivation · doi:10.1016/s0079-7421(08)60396-5 · Cited by 119
Classical conditioning in Aplysia californica.
Walters, E. T., Carew, T. J., & Kandel, E. R. (1979) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.76.12.6675 · Cited by 112
The drive theory of social facilitation.
Weiss, R. F., & Miller, F. G. (1971) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0030386 · Cited by 114
The amygdala: securing pleasure and avoiding pain
Fernando, A. B. P., Murray, J. E., & Milton, A. L. (2013) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00190 · Cited by 119
Conditioned and latent inhibition in taste-aversion learning: Clarifying the role of learned safety.
Best, M. R. (1975) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Animal Behavior Processes · doi:10.1037//0097-7403.1.2.97 · Cited by 111
Encoding of the unconditioned stimulus in Pavlovian conditioning
Colwill, R. M., & Motzkin, D. K. (1994) · Animal Learning & Behavior · doi:10.3758/bf03209158 · Cited by 107
Positive conditioned reinforcement of Sidman avoidance behavior in rats.
Weisman, R. G., & Litner, J. (1969) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0027682 · Cited by 94
Simultaneous and backward fear conditioning in the rat.
Cd, H., & Rescorla, R. A. (1973) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0034124 · Cited by 93
Self-citationAnticipatory responding and avoidance discrimination as factors in avoidance conditioning.
D'Amato, M. R., Fazzaro, J., & Etkin, M. W. (1968) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0025763 · Cited by 91
Nucleus accumbens dopamine and learned fear revisited: a review and some new findings
Levita, L., Dalley, J. W., & Robbins, T. W. (2002) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(02)00287-5 · Cited by 82
Mahoney, W. J., & Ayres, J. J. B. (1976) · Animal Learning & Behavior · doi:10.3758/bf03214421 · Cited by 82
Facilitation of food-reinforced responding by a signal for response-independent food.
Lolordo, V. (1971) · Journal of The Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1901/jeab.1971.15-49 · Cited by 82
Self-citationThe Transition from Automatic to Controlled Processing
Gray, J. A., Buhusi, C. V., & Schmajuk, N. A. (1997) · Neural Networks · doi:10.1016/s0893-6080(97)00058-0 · Cited by 78
Changes in heart rate instrumentally learned by curarized rats as avoidance responses.
DiCara, L. V., & Miller, N. E. (1968) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0025406 · Cited by 78
Effects of appetitive discriminative stimuli on avoidance behavior.
Grossen, N. E., Kostansek, D. J., & Bolles, R. C. (1969) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0027780 · Cited by 78
Forgetting of conditioned fear inhibition
Hendersen, R. W. (1978) · Learning and Motivation · doi:10.1016/0023-9690(78)90024-3 · Cited by 77
Pavlovian Conditioning and the Mediation of behavior
Overmier, J. B., & Lawry, J. A. (1979) · The Psychology of learning and motivation/The psychology of learning and motivation · doi:10.1016/s0079-7421(08)60080-8 · Cited by 73
Reinforcement Schedules: Contingency or Contiguity?
Bloomfield, T. (1972) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-283150-8.50013-7 · Cited by 70
CHOICE OF HIGHER DENSITY SIGNALLED SHOCK OVER LOWER DENSITY UNSIGNALLED SHOCK1
Badia, P., Coker, C. C., & Harsh, J. (1973) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1901/jeab.1973.20-47 · Cited by 68
Avoidance-based human Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer
Lewis, A. H., Niznikiewicz, M. A., Delamater, A., & Delgado, M. R. (2013) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.12377 · Cited by 75
Extinction of conditioned fear as a function of percentage of reinforcement.
Wagner, A. R., Siegel, L. S., & Fein, G. G. (1967) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0024172 · Cited by 66
Associative Representations of Instrumental Contingencies
Colwill, R. M. (1994) · The Psychology of learning and motivation/The psychology of learning and motivation · doi:10.1016/s0079-7421(08)60408-9 · Cited by 67
Pavlovian conditioned fear in Sidman avoidance learning.
Rescorla, R. A. (1968) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0025412 · Cited by 64
Self-citationTheoretical and Empirical Studies of Learning
Niv, Y., & Montague, P. R. (2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374176-9.00022-1 · Cited by 65
Enhanced incentive motivation in obesity-prone rats is mediated by NAc core CP-AMPARs
Derman, R. C., & Ferrario, C. R. (2017) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.12.039 · Cited by 63
Aronfreed, J. (1969) · Advances in child development and behavior · doi:10.1016/s0065-2407(08)60430-9 · Cited by 64
Establishment of a positive reinforcer through contrast with shock.
Rescorla, R. A. (1969) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0026789 · Cited by 61
Self-citationSafety signals as instrumental reinforcers during free-operant avoidancePreprint
Fernando, A. B. P., Urcelay, G. P., Mar, A. C., Dickinson, A., & Robbins, T. W. (2014) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.034603.114 · Cited by 66
Availability of avoidance behaviors in modulating vascular-stress responses.
Hokanson, J. E., DeGood, D. E., Forrest, M. S., & Brittain, T. M. (1971) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0031052 · Cited by 60
Learning enhances intrinsic excitability in a subset of lateral amygdala neuronsPreprint
Sehgal, M., Ehlers, V. L., & Moyer, J. R. (2014) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.032730.113 · Cited by 67
Fear as a strategy: effects and impact within the organization
Appelbaum, S. H., Bregman, M., & Moroz, P. W. (1998) · Journal of European Industrial Training · doi:10.1108/03090599810207944 · Cited by 56
Increased responding to CS− in differential CER
Hammond, L. J. (1966) · Psychonomic Science · doi:10.3758/bf03328427 · Cited by 55
Williams, D. A., Travis, G. M., & Overmier, J. B. (1986) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Animal Behavior Processes · doi:10.1037/0097-7403.12.4.351 · Cited by 53
The sensory basis of avoidance responding in the rat
Jacobs, W. J., & LoLordo, V. M. (1977) · Learning and Motivation · doi:10.1016/0023-9690(77)90045-5 · Cited by 53
Self-citationOperant and Pavlovian factors in cross-response transfer of inhibitory stimulus control
Gutman, A., & Maier, S. F. (1978) · Learning and Motivation · doi:10.1016/0023-9690(78)90008-5 · Cited by 53
Positive conditioned reinforcement from aversive situations.
LoLordo, V. M. (1969) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0027907 · Cited by 53
Self-citationConstraints on Pavlovian aversive conditioning: Implications for avoidance learning in the rat
Jacobs, W. J., & LoLordo, V. M. (1980) · Learning and Motivation · doi:10.1016/0023-9690(80)90027-2 · Cited by 51
Self-citationLatent inhibition experiments with goldfish (Carassius auratus).
Shishimi, A. (1985) · Journal of comparative psychology · doi:10.1037//0735-7036.99.3.316 · Cited by 50
Second-order conditioning with and without unconditioned stimulus presentation.
Holland, P. C. (1980) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Animal Behavior Processes · doi:10.1037//0097-7403.6.3.238 · Cited by 50
Fear generalization in humans: Impact of feature learning on conditioning and extinction
Vervliet, B., & Geens, M. (2013) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2013.10.002 · Cited by 50
Tomsic, D., Maldonado, H., & Rakitín, A. (1991) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/0361-9230(91)90163-e · Cited by 48
Some new perspectives on conditioned hunger.
Mineka, S. (1975) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Animal Behavior Processes · doi:10.1037//0097-7403.1.2.134 · Cited by 48
Laing, P. A. F., & Harrison, B. J. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.05.014 · Cited by 68
Phobias and Preparedness – Republished Article
Seligman, M. E. P. (2016) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2016.08.006 · Cited by 49
Weiss, S. J. (1978) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1901/jeab.1978.30-361 · Cited by 47
Conditioned Inhibition: Selective Response of Single Units
de Toledo‐Morrell, L., Hoeppner, T. J., & Morrell, F. (1979) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.432660 · Cited by 47
Metadata
- Authors
- Rescorla, R. A., & Lolordo, V. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology
- Published
- 1965-06
- Volume
- 59
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 406-412
- ISSN
- 0021-9940 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2074870954
- Cited by
- 323
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 9.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- avoidance behavior, avoidance learning
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Avoidance Learning, Conditioning, Classical, Dogs, Electroshock, Fear, Learning, Reflex, Research
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
