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The nature of love
Abstract
Much as been written about Harry Harlow’s controversial use of rhesus macaques as experimental subjects in his research on mother-infant bonds. On August 31, 1958, Harlow presented the results of his work in his presidential address at the Sixty-sixth Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association in Washington, D. C. This talk was later published as a paper in the American Psychologist. This chapter is an excerpt from that paper and presents a fascinating perspective into Harlow’s views on human-macaque relations, animal sentience and ‘the nature of love’.
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In the citing paper
“Indeed, at birth or soon after, all primate infants— except humans —cling to their mothers (see Harlow, 1958; Harlow and Harlow, 1962).”
From Back to basics: A re-evaluation of the relevance of imprinting in the genesis of Bowlby’s attachment theory (2022) · cites this paper as Harlow, 1958
In the citing paper
“Indeed, when infant monkeys were separated into two conditions—one in which they only had access to the wire ‘mother’ and the other in which they only had access to the cloth ‘mother’—infants in the wire ‘mother’ context showed significant psychological deficits [61].”
From The social origins of consciousness (2025) · cites this paper as [61]
In the citing paper
“While it has been well established that social isolation causes significant psychological and physical damage, perhaps the strongest evidence comes from preference tests that support the claim that social attention is deeply preferred across a wide range of species, and social isolation is among the most aversive experiences.”
From The social origins of consciousness (2025) · cites this paper as [61]
In the citing paper
“While it has been well established that social isolation causes significant psychological and physical damage, perhaps the strongest evidence comes from preference tests that support the claim that social attention is deeply preferred across a wide range of species, and social isolation is among the most aversive experiences.”
From The social origins of consciousness (2025) · cites this paper as [61]
In the citing paper
“The infants preferred the soft ‘mother’, speaking to the deep importance of social interaction and touch in primates.”
From The social origins of consciousness (2025) · cites this paper as [61]
In the citing paper
“While it has been well established that social isolation causes significant psychological and physical damage, perhaps the strongest evidence comes from preference tests that support the claim that social attention is deeply preferred across a wide range of species, and social isolation is among the most aversive experiences.”
From The social origins of consciousness (2025) · cites this paper as [61]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Harlow, H. F.
- Affiliations
- University of Wisconsin System (US)
- Corresponding author
- Harlow, Harry F.
- Venue
- American Psychologist
- Published
- 1958-12
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 673-685
- ISSN
- 0003-066X (ISSN-L)
- 1935-990X
- OpenAlex
- W2076059783
- Cited by
- 2,022
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 58 · 2025: 82 · 2024: 59 · 2023: 61 · 2022: 61 · 2021: 62 · 2020: 58 · 2019: 60 · 2018: 114 · 2017: 48 · 2016: 68 · 2015: 88 · 2014: 76 · 2013: 68 · 2012: 80
- FWCI
- 39.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Psychologist (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › General Psychology › Academic and Historical Perspectives in Psychology
- Keywords
- Harry Harlow, rhesus monkeys, mother-infant bond, nature of love, animal sentience, animal experimentation, attachment
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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