The DOI matches its Crossref record; 7 of the 8 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Variability in learning under massed and spaced practice.
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Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“This microlearning format prompted participants to engage in treatment for 10 min a day, with the intention of increasing learning and possibly effects, compared to more traditional approaches (Garrett, 1940;Kang, 2016).”
From Internet-delivered acceptance and commitment therapy as microlearning for chronic pain: A randomized controlled trial with 1-year follow-up (2021) · cites this paper as Garrett, 1940
In the citing paper
“This may have had a positive effect on learning (Garrett, 1940;Kang, 2016), levels of engagement and potentially influenced the positive effects across outcomes.”
From Internet-delivered acceptance and commitment therapy as microlearning for chronic pain: A randomized controlled trial with 1-year follow-up (2021) · cites this paper as Garrett, 1940
Citations
Cites
Statistical Methods for Research Workers
(1945) · American Journal of Clinical Pathology · doi:10.1093/ajcp/15.11.552b · Cited by 10,880
Calculation and interpretation of analysis of variance and covariance.
Snedecor, G. W. (1934) · Collegiate Press eBooks · doi:10.1037/13308-000 · Cited by 199
General Experimental Psychology
Dimmick, F. L., & Bills, A. G. (1936) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1416537 · Cited by 62
Attention And Movement In Reaction Time
Breitwieser, J. V. (2009) · Cited by 23
Outline as a condition of attention.
Woodrow, H. (1916) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0068669 · Cited by 9
The effect of practice upon individual differences
Perl, R. E. (1933) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 6
Thorndike, E. L. (1938) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0053926 · Cited by 5
Cited by
The nature of epistemic feelings
Arango‐Muñoz, S. (2013) · Philosophical Psychology · doi:10.1080/09515089.2012.732002 · Cited by 172
Spacing Repetitions Over Long Timescales: A Review and a Reconsolidation Explanation
Smith, C., & Scarf, D. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00962 · Cited by 91
“For example, Garrett (1940) compared participants who learned a symbol-digit substitution task, a code-learning task or an artificial language task by spaced practice or massed practice.”
BackgroundMethodArango‐Muñoz, S. (2010) · Philosophia · doi:10.1007/s11406-010-9279-0 · Cited by 87
Scaffolded Memory and Metacognitive Feelings
Arango-Muñoz, S. (2013) · Review of Philosophy and Psychology · doi:10.1007/s13164-012-0124-1 · Cited by 69
Rickardsson, J., Gentili, C., Holmström, L., Zetterqvist, V., Andersson, E., Persson, J., Lekander, M., Ljótsson, B., & Wicksell, R. K. (2021) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/ejp.1723 · Cited by 64
“This may have had a positive effect on learning (Garrett, 1940; Kang, 2016), levels of engagement and potentially influenced the positive effects across outcomes.”
BackgroundResult
Metadata
- Authors
- Garrett, H. E.
- Corresponding author
- Garrett, H. E.
- Venue
- Journal of Experimental Psychology
- Published
- 1940-06
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 547-567
- ISSN
- 0022-1015 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1982401718
- Cited by
- 18
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 3 · 2017: 1 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 1.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Experimental Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes
- Keywords
- massed practice, spaced practice, learning variability, spacing effect, memory retention
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Variability in learning under massed and spaced practice. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1037/h0061166
- The paper
- Garrett, H. E. (1940). Variability in learning under massed and spaced practice. Journal of Experimental Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0061166
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
