The DOI matches its Crossref record, with a small difference in title or year.
Facial Action Coding System
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“FOMM learns dense optical low to support complex motions with fewer artifacts, whereas ICface and FSGAN only use sparse action units [13] or facial landmarks to learn the expression and pose, which tend to produce motion artifacts.”
From DEEPFAKER: A Unified Evaluation Platform for Facial Deepfake and Detection Models (2024) · cites this paper as [13]
Citations
Cites
Still being checked.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 801–900 of 1,027
Bruder, M., Dosmukhambetova, D., Nerb, J., & Manstead, A. S. R. (2012) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2011.645280 · Cited by 85
Food perception and emotion measured over time in-lab and in-home
de Wijk, R. A., Kaneko, D., Dijksterhuis, G., van Zoggel, M., Schiona, I., Visalli, M., & Zandstra, E. H. (2019) · Food Quality and Preference · doi:10.1016/j.foodqual.2019.02.019 · Cited by 85
Are Chronic Pain Patients with Dementia Being Undermedicated?
Achterberg, W. P., Erdal, A., Husebo, B. S., Miriam Kunz, A., & Lautenbacher, S. (2021) · Journal of Pain Research · doi:10.2147/jpr.s239321 · Cited by 85
Emotion Recognition in Adults With a History of Childhood Maltreatment: A Systematic Review
Bérubé, A., Turgeon, J., Blais, C., & Fiset, D. (2021) · Trauma Violence & Abuse · doi:10.1177/15248380211029403 · Cited by 85
Spacetime expression cloning for blendshapes
Seol, Y., Lewis, J. P., Seo, J., Choi, B., Anjyo, K., & Noh, J. (2012) · ACM Transactions on Graphics · doi:10.1145/2159516.2159519 · Cited by 85
Thermal Analysis of Facial Muscles Contractions
Jarlier, S., Grandjean, D., Delplanque, S., N’Diaye, K., Cayeux, I., Velazco, M. I., Sander, D., Vuilleumier, P. O., & Scherer, K. R. (2011) · IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing · doi:10.1109/t-affc.2011.3 · Cited by 85
Development of a new human-like head robot WE-4
Miwa, H., Okuchi, T., TAKANOBU, H., & Takanishi, A. (2003) · IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS) · doi:10.1109/irds.2002.1041634 · Cited by 85
Sensorimotor Network Crucial for Inferring Amusement from Smiles
Paracampo, R., Tidoni, E., Borgomaneri, S., di Pellegrino, G., & Avenanti, A. (2016) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhw294 · Cited by 85
Fogel, A., Hsu, H., Shapiro, A. F., Nelson‐Goens, G. C., & Secrist, C. (2006) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.42.3.459 · Cited by 84
Closeness in Young Adult Sibling Relationships: Affective and Physiological Processes
Shortt, J. W., & Gottman, J. M. (1997) · Social Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9507.1997.tb00099.x · Cited by 84
Schoner-Schatz, L., Hofmann, V., & Stokburger-Sauer, N. E. (2021) · Journal of Destination Marketing & Management · doi:10.1016/j.jdmm.2021.100661 · Cited by 84
Simulating speech with a physics-based facial muscle model
Sifakis, E. D., Selle, A. P., Robinson-Mosher, A., & Fedkiw, R. P. (2006) · doi:10.5555/1218064.1218100 · Cited by 84
Effects of smoking opportunity on cue-elicited urge: A facial coding analysis.
Sayette, M. A., Wertz, J. M., Martin, C. S., Cohn, J. F., Perrott, M. A., & Hobel, J. (2003) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/1064-1297.11.3.218 · Cited by 84
Matias, R., & Cohn, J. F. (1993) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.29.3.524 · Cited by 83
Messinger, D., Dondi, M., Nelson‐Goens, G. C., Beghi, A., Fogel, A., & Simion, F. (2002) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/1467-7687.00208 · Cited by 83
Cooley, E., Winslow, H., Vojt, A., Shein, J., & Ho, J. T. T. (2017) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2017.08.007 · Cited by 83
Taub, M., Sawyer, R., Lester, J. C., & Azevedo, R. (2019) · International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education · doi:10.1007/s40593-019-00191-1 · Cited by 83
Linguistic Issues in Facial Animation
Pélachaud, C., Badler, N. I., & Steedman, M. J. (1991) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-4-431-66890-9_2 · Cited by 83
Automated Face Analysis for Affective Computing
Calvo, R. A., D’Mello, S. K., Gratch, J. S., Kappas, A., Cohn, J. F., & la Torre, F. D. (2014) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199942237.013.020 · Cited by 83
Shape analysis of local facial patches for 3D facial expression recognition
Maalej, A., Amor, B. B., Daoudi, M., Srivastava, A., & Berretti, S. (2011) · Pattern Recognition · doi:10.1016/j.patcog.2011.02.012 · Cited by 83
Facial expression recognition in rhesus monkeys, Macaca mulatta
Parr, L. A., & Heintz, M. R. (2009) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2009.02.024 · Cited by 83
Recognising Emotions from Keyboard Stroke Pattern
Khanna, P., & Sasikumar, M. (2010) · International Journal of Computer Applications · doi:10.5120/1614-2170 · Cited by 83
Mental state decoding abilities in young adults with borderline personality disorder traits.
Scott, L. N., Levy, K. N., Adams, R. B., & Stevenson, M. T. (2011) · Personality Disorders Theory Research and Treatment · doi:10.1037/a0020011 · Cited by 83
Bousmalis, K., Méhu, M., & Pantić, M. (2012) · Image and Vision Computing · doi:10.1016/j.imavis.2012.07.003 · Cited by 83
Greater sadness reactivity in late life
Seider, B. H., Shiota, M. N., Whalen, P. K., & LEVENSON, R. W. (2010) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsq069 · Cited by 83
Automatic determination of facial muscle activations from sparse motion capture marker data
Sifakis, E. D., Neverov, I., & Fedkiw, R. P. (2005) · ACM SIGGRAPH Conference (SIGGRAPH) · doi:10.1145/1186822.1073208 · Cited by 83
Lie detection: Historical, neuropsychiatric and legal dimensions
Ford, E. B. (2006) · International Journal of Law and Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ijlp.2005.07.001 · Cited by 83
A Transformation Method for Modeling and Animation of the Human Face from Photographs
Kurihara, T., & Arai, K. (1991) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-4-431-66890-9_4 · Cited by 83
Patterns on the Face: The Eyebrow Flash in Crosscultural Comparison
Grammer, K., Schiefenhövel, W., Schleidt, M., Lorenz, B., & Eibl‐Eibesfeldt, I. (1988) · Ethology · doi:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1988.tb00211.x · Cited by 82
Adapting Software with Affective Computing: A Systematic Review
Aranha, R. V., Corrêa, C. G., & Nunes, F. L. S. (2019) · IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing · doi:10.1109/taffc.2019.2902379 · Cited by 82
Exploring Cross-Modality Affective Reactions for Audiovisual Emotion Recognition
Mariooryad, S., & Busso, C. (2013) · IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing · doi:10.1109/t-affc.2013.11 · Cited by 82
Impact of age on the facial expression of pain
Miriam Kunz, A., Mylius, V., Schepelmann, K., & Lautenbacher, S. (2008) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2007.09.010 · Cited by 82
Facial Expression Recognition in Daily Life by Embedded Photo Reflective Sensors on Smart Eyewear
Masai, K., Sugiura, Y., Ogata, M., Kunze, K. S., İnami, M., & Sugimoto, M. (2016) · ACM International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI) · doi:10.1145/2856767.2856770 · Cited by 82
Adaptation in Affective Video Games: A Literature Review
Bontchev, B. (2016) · Cybernetics and Information Technologies · doi:10.1515/cait-2016-0032 · Cited by 82
Cross-modal perception of human emotion in domestic horses (Equus caballus)
Nakamura, K., Takimoto-Inose, A., & Hasegawa, T. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-26892-6 · Cited by 82
The role of the face in communication: Implications for videophone design
Bruce, V. (1996) · Interacting with Computers · doi:10.1016/0953-5438(96)01026-0 · Cited by 82
A PLASTIC-VISCO-ELASTIC MODEL FOR WRINKLES IN FACIAL ANIMATION AND SKIN AGING
Wu, Y., Magnenat‐Thalmann, N., & Thalmann, D. (1994) · Pacific Conference on Computer Graphics and Applications · doi:10.1142/9789814503860_0013 · Cited by 82
Mohajeri, M. H., Wittwer, J., Vargas, K., Hogan, E., Holmes, A., Rogers, P. J., Goralczyk, R., & Gibson, E. L. (2015) · British Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114514003754 · Cited by 81
Facial animation parameters extraction and expression recognition using Hidden Markov Models
Pardàs, M., & Bonafonte, A. (2002) · Signal Processing: Image Communication · doi:10.1016/s0923-5965(02)00078-4 · Cited by 81
Putting motion in emotion: Do dynamic presentations increase preschooler's recognition of emotion?
Nelson, N. L., & Russell, J. A. (2011) · Cognitive Development · doi:10.1016/j.cogdev.2011.06.001 · Cited by 81
Canine emotions as seen through human social cognition
Kujala, M. V. (2017) · Animal Sentience · doi:10.51291/2377-7478.1114 · Cited by 81
Photorealistic facial expression synthesis by the conditional difference adversarial autoencoder
Zhou, Y., & Shi, B. E. (2017) · International Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction and workshops · doi:10.1109/acii.2017.8273626 · Cited by 81
3D Approaches and Challenges in Facial Expression Recognition Algorithms—A Literature Review
Nonis, F., Dagnes, N., Marcolin, F., & Vezzetti, E. (2019) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app9183904 · Cited by 81
Modeling Emotion in Complex Stories: The Stanford Emotional Narratives Dataset
Ong, D. C., Wu, Z., Zhi‐Xuan, T., Reddan, M. C., Kahhalé, I., Mattek, A. M., & Zaki, J. (2019) · IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing · doi:10.1109/taffc.2019.2955949 · Cited by 81
Approaches, Applications, and Challenges in Physiological Emotion Recognition—A Tutorial Overview
Can, Y. S., Mahesh, B., & André, E. (2023) · Proceedings of the IEEE · doi:10.1109/jproc.2023.3286445 · Cited by 81
AUNet: Learning Relations Between Action Units for Face Forgery Detection
Bai, W., Liu, Y., Zhang, Z., Li, B., & Hu, W. (2023) · IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings - IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings · doi:10.1109/cvpr52729.2023.02367 · Cited by 81
Words versus faces in evoking preschool children’s knowledge of the causes of emotions
Russell, J. A., & Widen, S. C. (2002) · International Journal of Behavioral Development · doi:10.1080/01650250042000582 · Cited by 81
A Survey of Computer-Based Deformable Models
Moore, P., & Molloy, D. (2007) · International Machine Vision and Image Processing Conference (IMVIP) · doi:10.1109/imvip.2007.31 · Cited by 81
Ralph Gross, A. (2005) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-387-27257-7_14 · Cited by 81
Animating speech: an automated approach using speech synthesised by rules
Hill, D. R., Pearce, A., & Wyvill, B. (1988) · The Visual Computer · doi:10.1007/bf01914863 · Cited by 81
Knight, D., Evans, D., Carter, R., & Adolphs, S. (2009) · Corpora · doi:10.3366/e1749503209000203 · Cited by 80
A survey on mobile affective computing
Politou, E., Alepis, E., & Patsakis, C. (2017) · Computer Science Review · doi:10.1016/j.cosrev.2017.07.002 · Cited by 80
Fine-grained Engagement Recognition in Online Learning Environment
Huang, T., Mei, Y., Zhang, H., Liu, S., & Yang, H. (2019) · IEEE International Conference on Electronics Information and Emergency Communication · doi:10.1109/iceiec.2019.8784559 · Cited by 80
Algorithmic governmentality and the space of ethics: Examples from ‘People Analytics’
Weiskopf, R., & Hansen, H. K. (2022) · Human Relations · doi:10.1177/00187267221075346 · Cited by 80
Let’s Face It: Influence of Facial Expressions on Social Presence in Collaborative Virtual Reality
Kimmel, S., Jung, F., Matviienko, A., Heuten, W., & Boll, S. (2023) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3544548.3580707 · Cited by 80
Simultaneous Facial Action Tracking and Expression Recognition in the Presence of Head Motion
Dornaika, F., & Davoine, F. (2007) · International Journal of Computer Vision · doi:10.1007/s11263-007-0059-7 · Cited by 80
Evaluation of Four Designed Virtual Agent Personalities
McRorie, M., Sneddon, I., McKeown, G. J., Bevacqua, E., de Sevin, É., & Pélachaud, C. (2011) · IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing · doi:10.1109/t-affc.2011.38 · Cited by 80
Sex Differences in Facial Encoding of Pain
Miriam Kunz, A., Gruber, A., & Lautenbacher, S. (2006) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2006.04.012 · Cited by 80
Spotting agreement and disagreement: A survey of nonverbal audiovisual cues and tools
Bousmalis, K., Méhu, M., & Pantić, M. (2009) · International Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction and workshops · doi:10.1109/acii.2009.5349477 · Cited by 80
Multimedia Annotation, Querying, and Analysis in Anvil
Kipp, M. (2012) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118219546.ch21 · Cited by 80
A real-time robust facial expression recognition system using HOG features
Kumar, P., Happy, S. L., & Routray, A. (2016) · International Conference on Computing, Analytics and Security Trends · doi:10.1109/cast.2016.7914982 · Cited by 80
Virtual and Rapid Manufacturing
Tanchev, L. (2007) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203931875 · Cited by 80
Reduced emotional response of schizophrenic patients in remission during social interaction
Mattes, R., Schneider, F. W., Heimann, H. L., & Birbaumer, N. (1995) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/0920-9964(95)00014-3 · Cited by 80
Hedonic and social determinants of facial displays to odors
Gilbert, A. N., Fridlund, A. J., & Sabini, J. P. (1987) · Chemical Senses · doi:10.1093/chemse/12.2.355 · Cited by 80
Facial Expression Classification Using PCA and Hierarchical Radial Basis Function Network
Lin, D.-T. (2006) · doi:10.6688/jise.2006.22.5.3 · Cited by 79
Music Emotion Recognition: From Content- to Context-Based Models
Barthet, M., Fazekas, G., & Sandler, M. B. (2013) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-41248-6_13 · Cited by 79
Facial Expression Recognition Using Hybrid Features of Pixel and Geometry
Liu, C., Hirota, K., Ma, J., Jia, Z., & Dai, Y. (2021) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2021.3054332 · Cited by 79
Tay, L., Woo, S. E., Hickman, L., Booth, B. M., & D’Mello, S. K. (2022) · Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/25152459211061337 · Cited by 79
Rus‐Calafell, M., Gutiérrez‐Maldonado, J., Ortega-Bravo, M., Ribas‐Sabaté, J., & Caqueo‐Urízar, A. (2012) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2012.11.014 · Cited by 79
Khan, M. M., Ingleby, M., & Ward, R. D. (2006) · ACM Transactions on Autonomous and Adaptive Systems · doi:10.1145/1152934.1152939 · Cited by 79
3D Facial Landmarking under Expression, Pose, and Occlusion Variations
Dibeklioğlu, H., Salah, A. A., & Akarun, L. (2008) · IEEE International Conference on Biometrics: Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS) · doi:10.1109/btas.2008.4699324 · Cited by 79
Human-Oriented Interaction With an Anthropomorphic Robot
Spexard, T. P., Hanheide, M., & Sagerer, G. (2007) · IEEE Transactions on Robotics · doi:10.1109/tro.2007.904903 · Cited by 79
Dapogny, A., Bailly, K., & Dubuisson, S. (2017) · International Journal of Computer Vision · doi:10.1007/s11263-017-1010-1 · Cited by 79
Facial emotion recognition, theory of mind and the role of facial mimicry in depression
Zwick, J. C., & Wolkenstein, L. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.12.022 · Cited by 79
Matthies, D. J. C., Strecker, B. A., & Urban, B. (2017) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3025453.3025692 · Cited by 79
Desmet, P. (2008) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-008045089-6.50018-6 · Cited by 79
Temporal Form: Toward a New Language for Describing Relationships
Gottman, J. M. (1982) · Journal of Marriage and the Family · doi:10.2307/351456 · Cited by 79
Essa, I. A., Darrell, T., & Pentland, A. (2002) · IEEE Nonrigid and Articulated Motion Workshop · doi:10.1109/mnrao.1994.346257 · Cited by 79
Video-Based Stress Detection through Deep Learning
Zhang, H., Feng, L., Li, N., Jin, Z., & Cao, L. (2020) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s20195552 · Cited by 78
He, W., Boesveldt, S., de Graaf, C., & de Wijk, R. A. (2015) · Food Quality and Preference · doi:10.1016/j.foodqual.2015.09.003 · Cited by 78
Using Kinect for real-time emotion recognition via facial expressions
Mao, Q., Pan, X., Zhan, Y., & Shen, X. (2015) · Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering · doi:10.1631/fitee.1400209 · Cited by 78
Children's Understanding of Facial Expressions Used during Conflict Encounters
Camras, L. A. (1980) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1129477 · Cited by 78
Carvalho, C., Gaspar, A., Knight, A., & Vicente, L. (2018) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani9010012 · Cited by 77
Action unit classification for facial expression recognition using active learning and SVM
Li, Y., Wan, Y., Ni, H., & Xu, B. (2021) · Multimedia Tools and Applications · doi:10.1007/s11042-021-10836-w · Cited by 77
Hammal, Z., Couvreur, L., Caplier, A., & Rombaut, M. (2007) · International Journal of Approximate Reasoning · doi:10.1016/j.ijar.2007.02.003 · Cited by 77
Real-Time Facial Expression Recognition Using a Fuzzy Emotion Model
Esau, N., Wetzel, E., Kleinjohann, L., & Kleinjohann, B. (2007) · IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE) · doi:10.1109/fuzzy.2007.4295451 · Cited by 77
Foundations of Human Computing: Facial Expression and Emotion
Cohn, J. F. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-72348-6_1 · Cited by 77
Finka, L. R., Luna, S. P. L., Brondani, J. T., Tzimiropoulos, Y., McDonagh, J., Farnworth, M. J., Ruta, M., & Mills, D. S. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-46330-5 · Cited by 77
Masters, R. D., Sullivan, D. G., Feola, A., & McHugo, G. J. (1987) · International Political Science Review · doi:10.1177/019251218700800203 · Cited by 77
Analyses of a Multimodal Spontaneous Facial Expression Database
Wang, S., Liu, Z., Wang, Z., Wu, G., Shen, P., He, S., & Wang, X. (2012) · IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing · doi:10.1109/t-affc.2012.32 · Cited by 76
Service with a smile: Does the type of smile matter?
Andrzejewski, S. A., & Mooney, E. C. (2015) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2015.11.010 · Cited by 76
What Makes Tom Hanks Look Like Tom Hanks
Suwajanakorn, S., Seitz, S. M., & Kemelmacher-Shlizerman, I. (2015) · IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) · doi:10.1109/iccv.2015.450 · Cited by 76
Karimah, S. N., & Hasegawa, S. (2022) · Smart Learning Environments · doi:10.1186/s40561-022-00212-y · Cited by 76
Gender and Preschoolers' Perception of Emotion
Widen, S. C., & Russell, J. A. (2002) · Merrill-palmer Quarterly · doi:10.1353/mpq.2002.0013 · Cited by 76
Is there more in a happy face than just a big smile?
Leppänen, J. M., & Hietanen, J. K. (2006) · Visual Cognition · doi:10.1080/13506280600765333 · Cited by 76
Platt, B., Kamboj, S. K., Morgan, C. J. A., & Curran, H. V. (2010) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.05.004 · Cited by 76
Audiovisual speech synthesis: An overview of the state-of-the-art
Mattheyses, W., & Verhelst, W. (2014) · Speech Communication · doi:10.1016/j.specom.2014.11.001 · Cited by 76
Facial expression as a potential measure of both intent and emotion
Camerlink, I., Coulange, E., Farish, M., Baxter, E., & Turner, S. P. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-35905-3 · Cited by 76
Facial muscle patterning and lateralization during elation and depression imagery.
Sirota, A. D., & SCHWARTZ, G. E. R. (1982) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.91.1.25 · Cited by 76
Affective State Level Recognition in Naturalistic Facial and Vocal Expressions
Meng, H., & Bianchi‐Berthouze, N. (2013) · IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics · doi:10.1109/tcyb.2013.2253768 · Cited by 75
Metadata
- Authors
- Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V.
- Venue
- PsycTESTS Dataset
- Published
- 1978
- OpenAlex
- W1588539311
- Cited by
- 6,019
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 288 · 2025: 447 · 2024: 367 · 2023: 379 · 2022: 314 · 2021: 204 · 2020: 218 · 2019: 195 · 2018: 227 · 2017: 199 · 2016: 244 · 2015: 233 · 2014: 214 · 2013: 208 · 2012: 174
- Type
- dataset
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- PsycTESTS Dataset (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Emotion and Mood Recognition
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Face recognition and analysis
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Keywords
- facial expressions, facial action units, emotion recognition, facial motion
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review