The DOI matches its Crossref record; 67 of the 67 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Cybersex with human- and machine-cued partners: Gratifications, shortcomings, and tensions.
Abstract
From social-network spambots and forensic chatbots to dating simulation games, sexual communication with machines is not uncommon in contemporary culture—however, it remains effectively a black-box phenomenon. There is little empirical research examining how sexual human–machine communication (HMC-S) is experienced, whether it is impactful, or whether it may be similar or different to human–human sexual communication. Advancing our understanding of those questions is vital in understanding the potential for machine partners to foster the health and welfare benefits, as well as the potential to have negative impacts. This study takes a first step in considering experiential parity or divergence by experimentally investigating 271 people’s cybersex experience with a chat partner that was visually and textually cued as a human or a machine. Multimethod analysis suggests there may be no difference in gratifications from sex chat with ostensible machine versus human partners; however, participants seem to experience tensions between the gratifications and shortcomings of cybersex with machine-cued partners.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“supporting previous research suggesting that sexting with a chatbot is enjoyable when it aligns with one's sexual desires (Banks & Van Ouytsel, 2020).”
From Understanding Human-Chatbot Romance: A Qualitative and Quantitative Study on Romantic Fantasy and Other Interpersonal Characteristics (2025) · cites this paper as Banks & Van Ouytsel, 2020
Citations
Cites
Using thematic analysis in psychology
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006) · Qualitative Research in Psychology · doi:10.1191/1478088706qp063oa · Cited by 194,414
Measuring emotion: The self-assessment manikin and the semantic differential
Bradley, M. M., & Lang, P. J. (1994) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0005-7916(94)90063-9 · Cited by 9,538
(1997) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.34-3702 · Cited by 4,887
The online disinhibition effect
Suler, J. (2004) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/1094931041291295 · Cited by 4,375
At the Heart of It All: The Concept of Presence
Lombard, M., & Ditton, T. B. (2006) · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.1997.tb00072.x · Cited by 4,047
Machines and Mindlessness: Social Responses to Computers
Nass, C., & Moon, Y. (2000) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/0022-4537.00153 · Cited by 4,022
Nass, C., Steuer, J., & Tauber, E. R. (1994) · Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/191666.191703 · Cited by 2,148
Affect Grid: A single-item scale of pleasure and arousal.
Russell, J. A., Weiss, A., & Mendelsohn, G. A. (1989) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.57.3.493 · Cited by 2,068
Sexual scripts: Permanence and change
Simon, W., & Gagnon, J. H. (1986) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/bf01542219 · Cited by 1,436
Luger, E., & Sellen, A. (2016) · Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/2858036.2858288 · Cited by 1,176
Cited by
Deletion, departure, death: Experiences of AI companion loss
Banks, J. (2024) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/02654075241269688 · Cited by 74
Self-citationSexual Interaction in Digital Contexts and Its Implications for Sexual Health: A Conceptual Analysis
Döring, N., Krämer, N., Mikhailova, V., Brand, M., Krüger, T. H. C., & Vowe, G. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.769732 · Cited by 62
Hanson, K. R., & Locatelli, C. C. (2022) · Current Sexual Health Reports · doi:10.1007/s11930-022-00331-0 · Cited by 34
Ebner, P., & Szczuka, J. (2025) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2503.00195 · Cited by 33
Rethinking ‘Sex Robots’: Gender, Desire, and Embodiment in Posthuman Sextech
Locatelli, C. (2022) · Journal of Digital Social Research · doi:10.33621/jdsr.v4i3.87 · Cited by 17
Metadata
- Authors
- Banks, J., & Van Ouytsel, J.
- Venue
- Technology, Mind, and Behavior
- Published
- 2020
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 63-75
- ISSN
- 2689-0208
- Cited by
- 14
- References
- 67
- Language
- en
- Funders
- Research Foundation--Flanders (12J8719N)
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.