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Psychological outcomes in reaction to media exposure to disasters and large-scale violence: A meta-analysis.

Hopwood, Tanya L., Schutte, Nicola S.·2017·Psychology of Violence

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Abstract

Objective: A quantitative meta-analysis set out to consolidate the effect of experimental studies of media exposure to disasters and large-scale violence on negative psychological outcomes. Method: The meta-analysis included 18 experimental studies with an overall sample size of 1,634 to obtain an overall effect size and information regarding moderators of the effect size. Results: An overall significant and large effect size of Hedges' g of 1.61 showed that, across studies, media exposure to disasters and large-scale violence was followed by negative psychological outcomes. Outcome type was a significant moderator, with anxiety reactions showing an especially strong effect. Community sensitization was a significant moderator, with studies conducted in a region that had recently been exposed to the type of disaster or violence portrayed in the media showing especially large effect sizes. Conclusion: The results indicate that media exposure to disasters and large-scale violence can cause negative psychological outcomes, at least transiently. Limitations included a lack of statistical power in some moderator analyses and the inability to draw inferences about the duration of effects. There is a need for further research aimed at identifying the possible cumulative effects of media exposure and identification of groups at greatest risk for harmful outcomes.

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Authors: Hopwood, T. L., & Schutte, N. S.
Affiliations: University of New England (AU)
ORCID: Hopwood, Tanya L.
Schutte, Nicola S.
Venue: Psychology of Violence
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2017
Volume: 7
Issue: 2
Pages: 316-327
ISSN: 2152-081X (ISSN-L)
2152-0828
DOI: 10.1037/vio0000056
OpenAlex: W2560320704
Cited by: 106
References: 76
Citations by year: 2026: 17 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 2
FWCI: 5.36
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Psychology of Violence (publishedVersion)
EPubDev Repository (submittedVersion)
RUNE (Research UNE) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
Social Sciences › Communication › Public Relations and Crisis Communication
Social Sciences › Communication › Media Influence and Health
Keywords: media exposure, disasters, mass violence, psychological outcomes, anxiety, community sensitization, media influence, experimental study, moderators of effect size

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Psychological outcomes in reaction to media exposure to disasters and large-scale violence: A meta-analysis.

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