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Molecular identification of the corticosterone-sensitive extraneuronal catecholamine transporter

Gründemann, Dirk, Schechinger, Birgit, Rappold, Gudrun, Schömig, Edgar·1998·Nature Neuroscience

DOI 10.1038/1557

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“The transporter responsible for extraneuronal monoamine uptake has later been identified by Schömig and coworkers (Gründemann et al. 1998) as ‘extraneuronal monoamine transporter’ (EMT or OCT3), i.”
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Agmatine and putrescine uptake in the human glioma cell line SK-MG-1
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“There are also extraneuronal monoamine transporters in glial cells that contribute to the clearance of released monoamines (Gründemann et al. 1998).”
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Norepinephrine activates β1-adrenergic receptors at the inner nuclear membrane in astrocytes
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Intestinal uptake of MPP+ is differently affected by red and white wine.
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“…in the periphery (e.g., vascular and nonvascular smooth muscle; Martel & Azevedo, 2003) by a transmembrane protein (SL22A3) known as the extraneuronal monoamine transporter, the organic cation transporter type 3, or Uptake 2 (Burgen & Iversen, 1965; Gründemann et al., 1998; Wu et al., 1998).”
Background
Inhibition of uptake 2 (or extraneuronal monoamine transporter) by normetanephrine potentiates the neurochemical effects of venlafaxine.
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“, 2000), cimetidine (Zhang et al., 1997; Grundemann et al., 1998), phenoxybenzamine, and corticosterone (Hayer-Zillgen et al.”
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“Beside the neuronal NAT, also the EMT contributes to the removal by the liver and kidney of circulating catecholamines (Graefe et al., 1998).”
BackgroundInfluential
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“inhibition of extraneuronal catecholamine transporter which may result in enhanced availability and action of norepinephrine with consequent greater bronchodilation.(41) Other non-genomic actions of ICS which have been shown in asthma are enhancement of norepinephrine-induced bronchial vasoconstriction which may act t…”
Background
Involvement of Human Organic Cation Transporter 1 in the Hepatic Uptake of 1-(2-Methoxyethyl)-2-methyl-4,9-dioxo-3-(pyrazin-2-ylmethyl)-4,9-dihydro-1H-naphtho[2,3-d]imidazolium Bromide (YM155 Monobromide), a Novel, Small Molecule Survivin Suppressant
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“OCT3 and OATP1A2 mRNA have also been detected in the liver (Kullak-Ublick et al., 1995; Gründemann et al., 1998).”
Background
Loss of organic cation transporter 3 (Oct3) leads to enhanced proliferation and hepatocarcinogenesis
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“This effect is not mediated by the serotonin transporter, but instead by OCT3, a corticosterone-sensitive monoamine transporter (Grudemann et al., 1998) that is widely distributed in the brain (Gasser et al.”
Background
SLC22 transporter family proteins as targets for cytostatic uptake into tumor cells
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“RNA probes of 400–560 nucleotides were used for the human SERT, NET, DAT, VMAT1, VMAT2, OCT1, OCT2, EMT, PMAT mRNAs (Pacholczyk et al., 1991; Erickson and Eiden, 1993; Ramamoorthy et al., 1993a; Uhl and Kitayama, 1993; Erickson et al., 1996; Gorboulev et al., 1997; Koehler et al., 1997; Zhang et al., 1997; Grundemann…”
BackgroundMethod
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“heart, liver, skeletal muscle, placenta and kidney) [29, 30].”
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“High levels of glucocorticoids, released due to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) actions, can also impair PFC working memory function (79), and may do so in part by blocking the extraneuronal catecholamine transporters on glia, which normally serve to reduce catecholamine levels in the extracellular space (80).”
Background
Involvement of Organic Cation Transporter-3 and Plasma Membrane Monoamine Transporter in Serotonin Uptake in Human Brain Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
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“OCT-3 (also called “extraneuronal monoamine transporter”) has a broad distribution and is found in the liver, heart, placenta, skeletal muscle, kidney, and brain (Gründemann et al., 1998; Wu et al., 2000).”
Background
Renal Organic Cation and Anion Transport: From Physiology to Genes
Sweet, D. H. (2010) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-046884-6.00802-2 · Cited by 19
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The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster as an innovative preclinical ADME model for solute carrier membrane transporters, with consequences for pharmacology and drug therapy
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Molecular and kinetic characterization of histamine transport into adult rat cultured astrocytes.
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“Choline is a substrate for rat OCT1 and OCT2 with Km and Vmax values comparable to histamine (Arndt et al., 2001), although it was previously thought that OCT2 does not mediate choline uptake (Grundemann et al., 1998).”
Background
Interference of the noradrenergic neurotoxin DSP4 with neuronal and nonneuronal monoamine transporters
Wenge, B., & Bönisch, H. (2009) · Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00210-009-0459-z · Cited by 16
“In the periphery and less pronounced also in the central nervous system, these monoamines are also taken up in nonneuronal (extraneuronal) tissues by means of Na+- and Cl−-independent, extraneuronal monoamine transporters (EMT; Gründemann et al. 1998; Schömig et al. 2006).”
Background
Agmatine signaling: odds and threads.
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Self-citation
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Berry, M. D., Hart, S., Pryor, A., Hunter, S., & Gardiner, D. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep38006 · Cited by 15
“Corticosterone, a selective inhibitor of OCT3 36,51 , was also without effect (Fig.”
Influential
Guidepost neurons for the lateral olfactory tract: Expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 and innervation by glutamatergic olfactory bulb axons
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“The components of the extra- neuronal uptake-2 system were recently identified as organic cation transporter 3 and plasma membrane monoamine transporter (Grundemann et al., 1998; Engel et al., 2004; Amphoux et al., 2006).”
Background
Intestinal oxidative state can alter nutrient and drug bioavailability
Ana, F., Monteiro, R., Pestana, D., de Freitas, V. D., Mateus, N., Azevedo, I., & Calhau, C. (2009) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.4161/oxim.2.5.9769 · Cited by 15
Effect of 1,2,3,4,-tetrahydroisoquinoline administration under conditions of CYP2D inhibition on dopamine metabolism, level of tyrosine hydroxylase protein and the binding of [3H]GBR 12,935 to dopamine transporter in the rat nigrostriatal, dopaminergic system.
Lorenc-Koci, E., Antkiewicz-Michaluk, L., Wardas, J., Zapała, M., & Wierońska, J. (2004) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2004.02.044 · Cited by 15
Genetic and Epigenetic Regulation of Organic Cation Transporters.
Kölz, C., Schaeffeler, E., Schwab, M., & Nies, A. (2021) · Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/164_2021_450 · Cited by 14
Budesonide reduces hospital admission rates in preschool children with acute wheezing
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“These findings are originated from series of in vivo studies conducted on asthmatic or non-asthmatic subjects and from in vivo studies using airway vascular smooth muscle obtained from donor lungs.(29,30) The inhalation of 880mcg of Fluticasone propionate (FP) produces a decrease in airway blood flow between 30 and 60…”
Background
Two Rare Variants Explain Association with Acute Myocardial Infarction in an Extended Genomic Region Including the Apolipoprotein(A) Gene
Koch, W., Mueller, J. C., Schrempf, M., Wolferstetter, H., Kirchhofer, J., Schömig, A., & Kastrati, A. (2013) · Annals of Human Genetics · doi:10.1111/j.1469-1809.2012.00739.x · Cited by 14
“SLC22A3 encodes solute carrier family 22 (extraneuronal monoamine transporter) member 3, a polyspecific organic cation transporter, and LPAL2 [Lp(a)-like 2] is a truncated version of LPA (Byrne et al., 1995; Gründemann et al., 1998; Gründemann & Schömig, 2000).”
Background
High expression of organic cation transporter 3 in human BAT-like adipocytes. Implications for extraneuronal norepinephrine uptake
Breining, P., Pedersen, S. B., Pikelis, A., Rolighed, L., Sundelin, E. I. O., Jessen, N., & Richelsen, B. (2016) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2016.12.024 · Cited by 12
Caki-1 Cells as a Model System for the Interaction of Renally Secreted Drugs with OCT3
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Guanidine transport across the apical and basolateral membranes of human intestinal Caco-2 cells is mediated by two different mechanisms.
Cova, E., Laforenza, U., Gastaldi, G., Sambuy, Y., Tritto, S., Faelli, A., & Ventura, U. (2002) · Journal of NutriLife · doi:10.1093/jn/132.7.1995 · Cited by 13
Histamine uptake by human endometrial cells expressing the organic cation transporter EMT and the vesicular monoamine transporter-2.
Noskova, V., Bottalico, B., Olsson, H., Ehinger, A., Pilka, R., Casslén, B., & Hansson, S. (2006) · Molecular human reproduction · doi:10.1093/molehr/gah259 · Cited by 12
“uptake in the proliferative phase may explain the difference since its sensitivity to corticosterone is 100-fold less compared to that of EMT (Grundemann et al., 1998; Hayer-Zillgen et al., 2002).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluential
Molecular Targets for Steroids in Airway Vascular Smooth Muscle
Horvath, G., & Wanner, A. (2003) · Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.3109/13813450312331337559 · Cited by 12
“For RT-PCR amplification, primers were designed based on the published sequences of neuronal norepinephrine transporter (NET), organic cation transporter (OCT) 1 and 2, extraneuronal monoamine transporter (EMT) (Grundemann et al., 1998), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) cDNAs.”
Method
Systemic ovalbumin sensitization downregulates norepinephrine uptake by rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells.
Horvath, G., Torbati, A., Conner, G., Salathe, M., & Wanner, A. (2002) · American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1165/rcmb.2002-0030oc · Cited by 12
Inhibition of human organic cation transporters by the alkaloids matrine and oxymatrine.
Pan, X., Wang, L., Gründemann, D., & Sweet, D. (2014) · Fitoterapia · doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2013.11.009 · Cited by 12
“The derivation of the human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK) cells stably transfected with hOCT1 (HEK-hOCT1), hOCT2 (HEK-hOCT2), hOCT3 (HEK-hOCT3), or the corresponding empty vector (background control), has been described previously [19,20].”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Carboxylate-Capped Analogues of Ru265 are MCU Inhibitor Prodrugs
Bigham, N. P., Huang, Z., Spivey, J. A., Woods, J. J., MacMillan, S. N., & Wilson, J. J. (2022) · Inorganic Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02930 · Cited by 11
Acute effect of an inhaled glucocorticosteroid on albuterol-induced bronchodilation in patients with moderately severe asthma.
Mendes, E., Cadet, L., Arana, J., & Wanner, A. (2015) · Chest · doi:10.1378/chest.14-1742 · Cited by 11
Kinetic and pharmacological properties of [3H]-histamine transport into cultured type 1 astrocytes from neonatal rats
Osredkar, D., Burnik-Papler, T., Pečavar, B., Kralj-Iglič, V., & Krz̄an, M. (2009) · Inflammation Research · doi:10.1007/s00011-009-8103-4 · Cited by 11
Dose dependency in the oral bioavailability of an organic cation model, tributylmethyl ammonium (TBuMA), in rats: Association with the saturation of efflux by the P-gp system on the apical membrane of the intestinal epithelium
Kim, M. K., Han, L., Choi, M. K., Han, Y., Kim, D., Chung, S., & Shim, C. (2005) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1002/jps.20456 · Cited by 11
Transport of [3H]MPP+ in an immortalized rat brain microvessel endothelial cell line (RBE 4)
Martel, F., Calhau, C., Soares-da-Silva, P., & Azevedo, I. (2000) · Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s002100000302 · Cited by 11
Ethanol inhibits dopamine uptake via organic cation transporter 3: Implications for ethanol and cocaine co-abuse
Clauss, N. J., Mayer, F. P., Owens, W. A., Vitela, M., Clarke, K. M., Bowman, M. A., Horton, R., Gründemann, D., Schmid, D., Holy, M., et al. (2023) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-023-02064-5 · Cited by 12
“To directly assess putative activity of ethanol at OCT3, we used HEK293 cells stably expressing hOCT3 [75], examined ethanol ’ s inhibition of [ 3 H]MPP + uptake into these cells, and obtained a Ki = 4.2 ± 0.2 mM (Fig.”
MethodInfluentialSelf-citation
A quantitative description of the diffusion of noradrenaline in the media of blood vessels following its release from sympathetic varicosities.
Bennett, M. R., Farnell, L., Gibson, W. G. R., & Blair, D. H. (2004) · Journal of Theoretical Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2003.09.014 · Cited by 10
Genetic analysis of the organic cation transporter genes Orct2/Slc22a2 and Orct3/Slc22a3 reduces the critical region for the t haplotype mutant tw73 to 200 kb
Zwart, R., Verhaagh, S., de Jong, J., Lyon, M., & Barlow, D. (2001) · Mammalian Genome · doi:10.1007/s00335-001-3016-8 · Cited by 10
Enhanced Antitumor Activity of SarCNU in Comparison to BCNU in an Extraneuronal Monoamine Transporter Positive Human Glioma Xenograft Model
Chen, Z.-P., Wang, G., Huang, Q., Sun, Z.-F., Zhou, L.-Y., Wang, A.-D., & Panasci, L. (1999) · Journal of Neuro-Oncology · doi:10.1023/a:1006245724456 · Cited by 10
The Role of Organic Cation Transporters in the Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug–Drug Interactions of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
Xiu, F.-R., Rausch, M., Gai, Z.-B., Su, S., Wang, S.-J., & Visentin, M. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24032101 · Cited by 9
“OCT3 has been identified and characterized as a high-capacity, low-affinity transporter of monoamines, thus, initially named extraneuronal monoamine transporter (EMT) [100].”
Background
Role of CYP4F2 as a novel biomarker regulating malignant phenotypes of liver cancer cells via the Nrf2 signaling axis
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“SLC22A3 belongs to the amphiphilic solute facilitator family of integrated transmembrane proteins and has been found to be involved in the pharmacokinetics of catecholamine (42); and it was found that loss of SLC22A3 leads to increased proliferation and hepatocarcinogenesis of mice liver tumors induced by stilbene nit…”
Background
OCT (SLC22A) and OCTN Family
STOCKER, S. L., Riedmaier, A. E., Schwab, M. G., & Giacomini, K. M. (2013) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118353240.ch8 · Cited by 8
The organic cation transporters (OCT1, OCT2, EMT) and the plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT) show differential distribution and cyclic expression pattern in human endometrium and early pregnancy decidua
Bottalico, B., Noskova, V., Pilka, R., Larsson, I., Domanski, H., Casslén, B., & Hansson, S. R. (2007) · Molecular Reproduction and Development · doi:10.1002/mrd.20697 · Cited by 9
“Another family of plasmamembrane transporters, the organic cation transporters (OCT), known since many years to be responsible for the so-called type 2 uptake of monoamines (Iversen, 1965), and were recently cloned (Gorboulev et al., 1997;Koehler et al., 1997; Zhang et al., 1997; Grundemann et al., 1998).”
BackgroundMethod
Drug uptake systems in liver and kidney.
van Montfoort, J. V., Hagenbuch, B., Groothuis, G. M., Koepsell, H., Meier, P. J., & Meijer, D. (2003) · Current drug metabolism · doi:10.2174/1389200033489460 · Cited by 9
Organic cation transporters in psychiatric and substance use disorders
Honan, L. E., Fraser‐Spears, R., & Daws, L. C. (2023) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108574 · Cited by 9
Expression and clinical significance of organic cation transporter family in glioblastoma multiforme
Lian, Q., Xiao, S., Wang, Y., Wang, H., & Xie, D. (2021) · Irish Journal of Medical Science · doi:10.1007/s11845-021-02675-3 · Cited by 8
Acute stress reduces the emotional attentional blink: Evidence from human electrophysiology
Kan, Y., Wang, X., Chen, X., Zhao, H., Lan, J., & Duan, H. (2020) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-020-00847-9 · Cited by 13
Combined Optogenetic Approaches Reveal Quantitative Dynamics of Endogenous Noradrenergic Transmission in the Brain
Nomura, S., Tricoire, L., Cohen, I., Kuhn, B., Lambolez, B., & Hepp, R. (2020) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2020.101710 · Cited by 8
“Cortical NA Transmission Is Critically Controlled by Catecholamine Reuptake The clearance of released catecholamines involves their recapture into catecholaminergic axons or neighboring cells by various transporters showing low selectivity for NA versus DA (Grundemann et al., 1998; Torres et al., 2003).”
Background
Neurophysiology of threat processing bias in combat‐related post‐traumatic stress disorder
DeLaRosa, B., Spence, J. S., Didehbani, N., Tillman, G. D., Motes, M. A., Bass, C., Kraut, M. A., & Hart, J. (2019) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.24800 · Cited by 9
Amphetamine Withdrawal Differentially Increases the Expression of Organic Cation Transporter 3 and Serotonin Transporter in Limbic Brain Regions
Solanki, R. R., Scholl, J., Watt, M., Renner, K., & Forster, G. (2016) · Journal of Experimental Neuroscience · doi:10.4137/jen.s40231 · Cited by 8
Norepinephrine uptake mechanisms in cardiovascular disease deserve our attention.
Schroeder, C., & Jordan, J. (2011) · Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/fjc.0b013e31822eae22 · Cited by 8
“The organic cation transporter 3 (OCT3) was identified as the transporter mediating extraneuronal norepinephrine uptake.(1) Given the important effect of excess norepinephrine on cardiovascular regulation and disease progression, altered norepinephrine uptake could have important clinical implications.”
Background
Inhibitory potencies of trimipramine and its main metabolites at human monoamine and organic cation transporters
Haenisch, B., Hiemke, C., & Bönisch, H. (2011) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-011-2281-9 · Cited by 8
Impact of culture media glucose levels on the intestinal uptake of organic cations
Faria, A., Monteiro, R., Pestana, D., Martel, F., de Freitas, V. D., Mateus, N., & Calhau, C. (2010) · Cytotechnology (Dordrecht) · doi:10.1007/s10616-010-9257-1 · Cited by 8
“…al. 2007), there is a gap in the literature concerning the importance of the redox state on OCT1- or OCT3-mediated transport, although these transporters possess several amino acid residues in intra- and extracellular domains (Grundemann et al. 1998; Hayer et al. 1999) that are prone to oxidation.”
The release of 3H-1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium from bovine adrenal chromaffin cells is modulated by somatostatin.
Ribeiro, L., Martel, F., & Azevedo, I. (2006) · Regulatory Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.regpep.2006.06.002 · Cited by 8
Molecular cloning, functional characterization and genomic organization of four alternatively spliced isoforms of the human organic cation transporter 1 (hOCT1/SLC22A1)
Hayer, M., Bönisch, H., & Brüß, M. (1999) · Annals of Human Genetics · doi:10.1046/j.1469-1809.2000.6430267.x · Cited by 8
Introduction to the Cellular Transport of Organic Cations
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Biology of ocular transporters: efflux and influx transporters in the eye
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Rapid Corticosteroid Actions on Behavior: Mechanisms and Implications
Gasser, P. J., Lowry, C. A., & Orchinik, M. (2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-008088783-8.00041-3 · Cited by 5
Summarizing studies using constitutive genetic deficiency to investigate behavioural influences of uptake 2 monoamine transporters
Weber, B. L., Beaver, J. N., & Gilman, T. L. (2022) · Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology · doi:10.1111/bcpt.13810 · Cited by 6
Organic Cation Transporters and Nongenomic Glucocorticoid Action.
Benton, K. C., Lowry, C., & Gasser, P. (2021) · Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/164_2021_493 · Cited by 7
Role of organic cation transporter 3 (OCT3) in the response of hepatocellular carcinoma to tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
Herráez, E., Al-Abdulla, R., Soto, M., Briz, O., Bettinger, D., Bantel, H., del Carmen, S., Serrano, M., Geier, A., Marín, J., et al. (2023) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115812 · Cited by 6
“Several genetic variants have been identified in the latter, which have been associated with dysfunctional changes in this transporter [14].”
Extending the family: Roles for uptake2 transporters in regulation of monoaminergic signaling.
Gasser, P., & Daws, L. (2017) · Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy · doi:10.1016/j.jchemneu.2017.07.009 · Cited by 6
Effect of P-glycoprotein modulators on the human extraneuronal monoamine transporter.
Martel, F., Keating, E., & Azevedo, I. (2001) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0014-2999(01)01055-x · Cited by 6
Organic anion, organic cation and zwitterion transporters of the SLC22 and SLC47 superfamily (OATs, OCTs, OCTNs and MATEs)
Lai, Y.-R. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1533/9781908818287.455 · Cited by 6
Antitumor Efficacy of SarCNU in a Human Glioma Xenograft Model Expressing Both MGMT and Extraneuronal Monoamine Transporter
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MOLECULAR BACKGROUNDS OF INDIVIDUALISED PHARMACOTHERAPY
Neamțu, M. (2020) · FARMACIA · doi:10.31925/farmacia.2020.3.4 · Cited by 5
“transporter is likely to take over the excess of monoamine transmitters that have escaped the neuronal re-uptake, thus avoiding the uncontrolled spread of signals [20].”
Background
Corticosterone impairs flexible adjustment of spatial navigation in an associative place–reward learning task
Rusu, S., Lankelma, J., Jackson, J., van Mourik-Donga, L. A., Joëls, M., & Pennartz, C. (2017) · Behavioural Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/fbp.0000000000000370 · Cited by 5
“In addition, systemic CORT administration has been proposed to increase noradrenaline levels by blocking reuptake (Grundemann et al., 1998).”
Background
[The neurotoxicity of pyridinium metabolites of haloperidol].
Górska, A., Marszałł, M., & Sloderbach, A. (2015) · Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej · doi:10.5604/17322693.1175009 · Cited by 5
“Wykazano, że ma zdolność nie tylko transportowania kationów HPP+, RHPP+, ale także neuroprzekaźników do OUN [13,43].”
Short-term exposure to a clinical dose of metformin increases skeletal muscle mitochondrial H2O2 emission and production in healthy, older adults: A randomized controlled trial
McKenzie, A. I., Mahmassani, Z. S., Petrocelli, J. J., de Hart, N. M. M. P., Fix, D. K., Ferrara, P. J., LaStayo, P. C., Marcus, R. L., Rondina, M. T., Summers, S. A., et al. (2022) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2022.111804 · Cited by 18
Quinine enhances the behavioral stimulant effect of cocaine in mice
Huertas, A., Wessinger, W. D., Kucheryavykh, Y. V., Sanabria, P., Eaton, M. J., Skatchkov, S. N., Rojas, L. V., Maldonado-Martínez, G., & Inyushin, M. Y. (2014) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2014.11.021 · Cited by 3
“Recently, low-affinity high-capacity monoamine transporters belonging to organic cation transporters family (OCT), or extracellular monoamine transporter (EMT) were characterized (Gründemann et al., 1998).”
Increased fetal blood pressure response to maternal norepinephrine after pharmacological inhibition f norepinephrine uptake in pregnant sheep
Hansson, S. R., Bottalico, B., Amer‐Wåhlin, I., Maršál, K., & Ley, D. (2007) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2007.00262.x · Cited by 3
Involvement of noradrenaline transporters in S-nitrosocysteine-stimulated noradrenaline release from rat brain slices: existence of functional Na(+)-independent transporter activity.
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Organic Anion and Cation Transporters in Renal Elimination of Drugs
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Authors: Gründemann, D., Schechinger, B., Rappold, G., & Schömig, E.
Affiliations: Heidelberg University (DE)
Corresponding author: Gründemann, Dirk
ORCID: Gründemann, Dirk
Rappold, Gudrun
Venue: Nature Neuroscience
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 1998-09
Volume: 1
Issue: 5
Pages: 349-351
ISSN: 1097-6256 (ISSN-L)
1546-1726
DOI: 10.1038/1557
OpenAlex: W1493374490
Cited by: 374
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 13
FWCI: 5.15
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
Keywords: sympathetic innervation, pharmacological characterization
MeSH terms: Organic Cation Transporter 3, Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Carrier Proteins, Cell Line, Chromosome Mapping, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6, Corticosterone, Humans, Kinetics, Molecular Sequence Data, Myocardium, Norepinephrine, 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, Organic Cation Transport Proteins, Rats

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