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Thermal expansion of sea water associated with global warming
Abstract
The relationship between greenhouse-gas forcing, global mean temperature change and sea-level rise due to thermal expansion of the oceans is investigated using upwelling–diffusion and pure diffusion models. The sensitivities of sea-level to short-timescale forcing and deep-water formation rate changes are examined. The greenhouse-gas-induced thermal expansion contribution to sea-level rise between 1880 and 1985 is estimated at 2–5 cm. Projections are made to the year 2025 for different forcing scenarios. For the period 1985–2025 the estimate of greenhouse-gas-induced warming is 0.6–1.0 °C. The concomitant oceanic thermal expansion would raise sea level by 4–8 cm.
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Citations
Cited by
Causes of Climate Change Over the Past 1000 Years
Crowley, T. J. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.289.5477.270 · Cited by 2,068
Gao, C., Robock, A., & Ammann, C. (2008) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2008jd010239 · Cited by 838
Meinshausen, M., Raper, S. C. B., & Wigley, T. M. L. (2011) · Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics · doi:10.5194/acp-11-1417-2011 · Cited by 876
Self-citationWeaver, A. J., Eby, M., Wiebe, E. C., Bitz, C. M., Duffy, P. B., Ewen, T. L., Fanning, A. F., Holland, M. M., MacFadyen, A., Matthews, H. D., et al. (2001) · Atmosphere-Ocean · doi:10.1080/07055900.2001.9649686 · Cited by 734
Implications for climate and sea level of revised IPCC emissions scenarios
Wigley, T. M. L., & Raper, S. C. B. (1992) · Nature · doi:10.1038/357293a0 · Cited by 630
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Metadata
- Authors
- Wigley, T. M. L., & Raper, S. C. B.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 1987-11
- Volume
- 330
- Issue
- 6144
- Pages
- 127-131
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2077517397
- Cited by
- 276
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 19.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
