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Ancient oceans, ice sheets and the hydrological cycle on Mars

Baker, V. R., Strom, R. G., Gulick, V. C., Kargel, J. S., Komatsu, G., Kale, V. S.·1991·Nature

DOI 10.1038/352589a0

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Kite, E. S. (2019) · Space Science Reviews · doi:10.1007/s11214-018-0575-5 · Cited by 168
A chronology of early Mars climatic evolution from impact crater degradation
Mangold, N., Adeli, S., Conway, S. J., Ansan, V., & Langlais, B. (2012) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2011je004005 · Cited by 156
“Nevertheless, such process was proposed to have occurred at a global scale as a result of the main period of outflow channel formation in the Late Hesperian [Baker et al., 1991], a timing that is consistent with the type II crater ages.”
Result
Pingos on Earth and Mars
Burr, D. M., Tanaka, K. L., & Yoshikawa, K. (2008) · Planetary and Space Science · doi:10.1016/j.pss.2008.11.003 · Cited by 159
Exploration of hydrothermal targets on Mars
Schulze‐Makuch, D., Dohm, J. M., FAN, C., Fairén, A. G., Rodriguez, J. A. P., Baker, V. R., & Fink, W. (2007) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2007.02.007 · Cited by 157
“They can significantly alter large-scale topography, drainages, landscapes, sedimentation, climate (Baker et al., 1991; Maruyama, 1994), and even break up a continent (Li et al. 2003).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Oceans or seas in the Martian northern lowlands: High resolution imaging tests of proposed coastlines
Malin, M. C., & Edgett, K. S. (1999) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/1999gl002342 · Cited by 150
“…in which it is envisioned that Mars might once have had large bodies of liquid water—either in the form of an ocean (Parker et al. 1989, 1993; Baker et al. 1991), an ice-covered ocean (Lucchitta et al. 1986), or a series of large seas (Scott et al. 1992, 1995)—that would have occupied the…”
Background
A chemical model for evaporites on early Mars: Possible sedimentary tracers of the early climate and implications for exploration
Catling, D. C. (1999) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets · doi:10.1029/1998je001020 · Cited by 148
Dielectric map of the Martian northern hemisphere and the nature of plain filling materials
Mouginot, J., Pommerol, A., Beck, P., Kofman, W., & Clifford, S. M. (2012) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2011gl050286 · Cited by 144
“…of possible paleoshorelines surrounding the northern plains of Mars, it has been argued that the planet may have once hosted “Oceanus Borealis”, a hemispheric ocean that covered more than 30% of the planet’s surface [Baker et al., 1991; Parker et al., 1993; Clifford and Parker, 2001].”
Background
Progressive incision of the Channeled Scablands by outburst floods
Larsen, I. J., & Lamb, M. P. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature19817 · Cited by 143
New observations of Warrego Valles, Mars: Evidence for precipitation and surface runoff
Ansan, V., & Mangold, N. (2006) · Planetary and Space Science · doi:10.1016/j.pss.2005.12.009 · Cited by 143
Atmospheric Evolution of the Terrestrial Planets
Hunten, D. M. (1993) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.259.5097.915 · Cited by 142
Interior trough deposits on Mars: Subice volcanoes?
Chapman, M. G., & Tanaka, K. L. (2001) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2000je001303 · Cited by 138
A volcanic origin for the outflow channels of Mars: Key evidence and major implications
Leverington, D. W. (2011) · Geomorphology · doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.05.022 · Cited by 142
Large‐scale spring deposits on Mars?
Rossi, A. P., Neukum, G., Pondrelli, M., van Gasselt, S., Zegers, T. E., Hauber, E., Chicarro, A. F., & Foing, B. H. (2008) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2007je003062 · Cited by 138
“The need for long-term strict Earth-like conditions [Baker et al., 1991] would not be a too stringent requirement in order to explain the deposition of LTDs in Valles Marineris and chaotic terrains as spring deposits: still, liquid water should be stable, but the climate would not have to be as…”
Background
Martian impact crater ejecta morphologies as indicators of the distribution of subsurface volatiles
Barlow, N. G., & Perez, C. B. (2003) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2002je002036 · Cited by 137
“The entire northern plains has been proposed to have contained an ocean during one or more episodes of Martian history due to its low topography and smoothness [Baker et al., 1991; Parker et al., 1993; Smith et al., 1999].”
Background
Mars outflow channels: A reappraisal of the estimation of water flow velocities from water depths, regional slopes, and channel floor properties
Wilson, L., Ghatan, G. J., Head, J. W., III, & Mitchell, K. L. (2004) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2004je002281 · Cited by 134
Microbial diversity in sediments associated with surface-breaching gas hydrate mounds in the Gulf of Mexico
Mills, H. J., Hodges, C., Wilson, K. R., MacDonald, I. R., & Sobecky, P. A. (2003) · FEMS Microbiology Ecology · doi:10.1016/s0168-6496(03)00191-0 · Cited by 131
Pitted cones and domes on Mars: Observations in Acidalia Planitia and Cydonia Mensae using MOC, THEMIS, and TES data
Farrand, W. H., Gaddis, L. R., & Keszthelyi, L. P. (2005) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2004je002297 · Cited by 129
“The VBF surface has been described variously as the former ocean floor of a standing northern ocean [Parker et al., 1989, 1993; Baker et al., 1991], as a clastic sedimentary unit dropped from suspension from a short-lived ocean produced by the outflow channels to the south [Kreslavsky and Head,…”
Background
Flood and megaflood processes and deposits : recent and ancient examples
Martini, I., Baker, V. R., & Garzón, G. (2002) · Cited by 128
Self-citation
Martian drainage densities
Carr, M. H., & Chuang, F. C. (1997) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/97je00113 · Cited by 128
Sequestered glacial ice contribution to the global Martian water budget: Geometric constraints on the volume of remnant, midlatitude debris-covered glaciers
Levy, J. S., Fassett, C. I., Head, J. W., III, Schwartz, C., & Watters, J. L. (2014) · Journal of Geophysical Research Planets · doi:10.1002/2014je004685 · Cited by 126
Hydrological modeling of the Martian crust with application to the pressurization of aquifers
Andrews‐Hanna, J. C., & Phillips, R. J. (2005) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2004je002330 · Cited by 126
Meter-Scale Characteristics of Martian Channels and Valleys
Carr, M. H. (2000) · Icarus · doi:10.1006/icar.2000.6428 · Cited by 128
Timing of oceans on Mars from shoreline deformation
Citron, R., Manga, M., & Hemingway, D. (2018) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature26144 · Cited by 120
Terraces and Gilbert‐type deltas in crater lakes in Ismenius Lacus and Memnonia (Mars)
Ori, G. G., Marinangeli, L., & Baliva, A. (2000) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/1999je001219 · Cited by 122
An episodic slab-rollback model for the origin of the Tharsis rise on Mars: Implications for initiation of local plate subduction and final unification of a kinematically linked global plate-tectonic network on Earth
Yin, A. (2012) · Lithosphere · doi:10.1130/l195.1 · Cited by 121
The State and Future of Mars Polar Science and Exploration
Clifford, S. M. (2000) · Icarus · doi:10.1006/icar.1999.6290 · Cited by 121
Geologic History of the Polar Regions of Mars Based on Mars Global Surveyor Data I. Noachian and Hesperian Periods
Tanaka, K. (2001) · Icarus · doi:10.1006/icar.2001.6675 · Cited by 118
The generation of martian floods by the melting of ground ice above dykes
McKenzie, D., & Nimmo, F. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/16649 · Cited by 118
Fluvial and lacustrine activity on layered deposits in Melas Chasma, Valles Marineris, Mars
Quantin‐Nataf, C., Allemand, P., Mangold, N., Dromart, G., & Delacourt, C. (2005) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2005je002440 · Cited by 117
Noble gases in iddingsite from the Lafayette meteorite: Evidence for liquid water on Mars in the last few hundred million years
Swindle, T. D., Treiman, A. H., Lindstrom, D. J., Burkland, M. K., Cohen, B. A., Grier, J. A., Li, B., & Olson, E. K. (2000) · Meteoritics and Planetary Science · doi:10.1111/j.1945-5100.2000.tb01978.x · Cited by 117
GRS evidence and the possibility of paleooceans on Mars
Dohm, J. M., Baker, V. R., Boynton, W. V., Fairén, A. G., Ferris, J. C., Finch, M., Furfaro, R., Hare, T. M., Janes, D. M., Kargel, J. S., et al. (2008) · Planetary and Space Science · doi:10.1016/j.pss.2008.10.008 · Cited by 115
Self-citation
Variations in K/Th on Mars
Taylor, G. J., Stopar, J. D., Boynton, W. V., Karunatillake, S., Keller, J. M., Brückner, J., Wänke, H., DREIBUS, G., Kerry, K. E., Reedy, R. C., et al. (2006) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2006je002676 · Cited by 115
Self-citation
Periods of active permafrost layer formation during the geological history of Mars: Implications for circum-polar and mid-latitude surface processes
Kreslavsky, M. A., Head, J. W., III, & Marchant, D. R. (2007) · Planetary and Space Science · doi:10.1016/j.pss.2006.02.010 · Cited by 114
“…Hesperian Period, the emplacement of large aqueous outflow channels following cryospheric breaching and groundwater discharge may have created regional standing bodies of water that in themselves influenced global atmospheric and climate conditions (e.g., Baker et al., 1991; Gulick et al., 1997).”
BackgroundInfluential
Geological record of an acidic environment driven by iron hydrochemistry: The Tinto River system
Fernández‐Remolar, D. C., Rodríguez, N., Gómez, F., & Amils, R. (2003) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2002je001918 · Cited by 114

Authors: Baker, V. R., Strom, R. G., Gulick, V. C., Kargel, J. S., Komatsu, G., & Kale, V. S.
Affiliations: University of Arizona (US)
Savitribai Phule Pune University (IN)
ORCID: Baker, V. R.
Gulick, V. C.
Kargel, J. S.
Komatsu, G.
Kale, V. S.
Venue: Nature
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 1991-08
Volume: 352
Issue: 6336
Pages: 589-594
ISSN: 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/352589a0
OpenAlex: W2019919661
Cited by: 714
References: 46
Citations by year: 2026: 16 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 21
FWCI: 21.03
Type: journal article
Language: en
Update notices: correction (1991-11-07)
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Space and Planetary Science › Planetary Science and Exploration
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Space and Planetary Science › Astro and Planetary Science
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Earth-Surface Processes › Geological formations and processes
Keywords: Mars, ancient oceans, ice sheets, water cycle, valley networks, Tharsis volcanism, glaciation, Northern Plains, Southern Highlands, Martian paleoclimate

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