Cited by 2,327Pancreatitis Pathology and TreatmentGallbladder and Bile Duct DisordersSepsis Diagnosis and Treatment

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 163 of the 164 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

American College of Gastroenterology Guideline: Management of Acute Pancreatitis

Tenner, Scott, Baillie, John, DeWitt, John, Vege, Santhi Swaroop·2013·American Journal of Gastroenterology

DOI 10.1038/ajg.2013.218

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

This guideline presents recommendations for the management of patients with acute pancreatitis (AP). During the past decade, there have been new understandings and developments in the diagnosis, etiology, and early and late management of the disease. As the diagnosis of AP is most often established by clinical symptoms and laboratory testing, contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pancreas should be reserved for patients in whom the diagnosis is unclear or who fail to improve clinically. Hemodynamic status should be assessed immediately upon presentation and resuscitative measures begun as needed. Patients with organ failure and/or the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) should be admitted to an intensive care unit or intermediary care setting whenever possible. Aggressive hydration should be provided to all patients, unless cardiovascular and/or renal comorbidites preclude it. Early aggressive intravenous hydration is most beneficial within the first 12-24 h, and may have little benefit beyond. Patients with AP and concurrent acute cholangitis should undergo endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) within 24 h of admission. Pancreatic duct stents and/or postprocedure rectal nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) suppositories should be utilized to lower the risk of severe post-ERCP pancreatitis in high-risk patients. Routine use of prophylactic antibiotics in patients with severe AP and/or sterile necrosis is not recommended. In patients with infected necrosis, antibiotics known to penetrate pancreatic necrosis may be useful in delaying intervention, thus decreasing morbidity and mortality. In mild AP, oral feedings can be started immediately if there is no nausea and vomiting. In severe AP, enteral nutrition is recommended to prevent infectious complications, whereas parenteral nutrition should be avoided. Asymptomatic pancreatic and/or extrapancreatic necrosis and/or pseudocysts do not warrant intervention regardless of size, location, and/or extension. In stable patients with infected necrosis, surgical, radiologic, and/or endoscopic drainage should be delayed, preferably for 4 weeks, to allow the development of a wall around the necrosis.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/ajg.2013.218

Cites

163 of 163 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations
Guyatt, G. H., Oxman, A. D., Vist, G. E., Kunz, R., Falck-Ytter, Y., Alonso-Coello, P., & Schünemann, H. J. (2008) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.39489.470347.ad · Cited by 23,305
APACHE II
Knaus, W. A., Draper, E. A., Wagner, D. P., & Zimmerman, J. E. (1985) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/00003246-198510000-00009 · Cited by 15,518
APACHE II-A Severity of Disease Classification System
Knaus, W. A., Draper, E. A., Wagner, D. P., & Zimmerman, J. E. (1986) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/00003246-198608000-00028 · Cited by 13,379
Classification of acute pancreatitis—2012: revision of the Atlanta classification and definitions by international consensus
Banks, P. A., Bollen, T. L., Dervenis, C., Gooszen, H. G., Johnson, C. D., Sarr, M. G., Tsiotos, G. G., & Vege, S. S. (2013) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2012-302779 · Cited by 7,187
Self-citation
A Clinically Based Classification System for Acute Pancreatitis
Bradley, E. L. (1993) · Archives of Surgery · doi:10.1001/archsurg.1993.01420170122019 · Cited by 2,748
Multiple Organ Dysfunction Score
Marshall, J. C., Cook, D. J., Christou, N. V., Bernard, G. R., Sprung, C. L., & Sibbald, W. J. (1995) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/00003246-199510000-00007 · Cited by 2,539
Practice guidelines in acute pancreatitis
Banks, P. A., Freeman, M. L., & the Practice Parameters Committee of the American College of Gastroenterology (2006) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.00856.x · Cited by 2,050
Burden of Gastrointestinal Disease in the United States: 2012 Update
Peery, A. F., Dellon, E. S., Lund, J. L., Crockett, S. D., McGowan, C., Bulsiewicz, W. J., Gangarosa, L. M., Thiny, M. T., Stizenberg, K., Morgan, D. R., et al. (2012) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2012.08.002 · Cited by 2,010
A Step-up Approach or Open Necrosectomy for Necrotizing Pancreatitis
van Santvoort, H. C., Besselink, M. G., Bakker, O. J., Hofker, H. S., Boermeester, M. A., Dejong, C. H. C., van Goor, H., Schaapherder, A. F., van Eijck, C. H. J., Bollen, T. L., et al. (2010) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0908821 · Cited by 1,713
Acute pancreatitis: value of CT in establishing prognosis.
Balthazar, E. J., Robinson, D. L., Megibow, A. J., & Ranson, J. H. C. (1990) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiology.174.2.2296641 · Cited by 1,682

Show all 164 references

Research works printed but not linked: 2

2005, Gut, 54, 1
Moreau, 63, Gallstone pancreatitis and the effect of cholecystectomy., Mayo Clin Proc, 466, 1988

Sorted by citations

Items 901–999 of 999

A case of severe acquired hypertriglyceridemia in a 7-year-old girl
Lilley, J. S., Linton, M. F., Kelley, J. C., Graham, T. B., Fazio, S., & Tavori, H. (2017) · Journal of clinical lipidology · doi:10.1016/j.jacl.2017.08.003 · Cited by 10
Prediabetes Directly Deteriorates into Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Syndrome Triggered by Acute Pancreatitis: A Case Report Illustrating a “Chicken and Egg” Paradigm in Ketosis-Prone Diabetes
Song, R., & Cao, S. (2018) · Diabetes Therapy · doi:10.1007/s13300-018-0417-1 · Cited by 10
Therapie der akuten nekrotisierenden Pankreatitis
Huber, W., & Algül, H. (2019) · Der Internist · doi:10.1007/s00108-019-0558-y · Cited by 10
Management of pancreatic fluid collections in patients with acute pancreatitis
Mahapatra, S. J., & Garg, P. K. (2019) · Journal of Pancreatology · doi:10.1097/jp9.0000000000000026 · Cited by 10
Incidence, Risk Factors, Outcomes, and Risk Score Model of Acute Pancreatitis after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Wang, X., Han, W., Zhao, P., Liu, X., Wang, J., Wang, F., Yan, C., Zhang, Y., Mo, X., Wang, Y., et al. (2019) · Transplantation and Cellular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.bbmt.2019.12.721 · Cited by 10
Pancreatitis Aguda: Articulo de Revisión
López, F. P., & Valdes, E. A. (2020) · Revista Médico Científica · doi:10.37416/rmc.v33i1.570 · Cited by 9
A case report of acute pancreatitis with glycogen storage disease type IA in an adult patient and review of the literature
Ai, J., He, W., Huang, X., Wu, Y., Lei, Y., Chen, Y., Görgülü, K., Diakopoulos, K. N., Lü, N., & Zhu, Y. (2020) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000022644 · Cited by 10
Timing of endoscopic therapy for acute bilio-pancreatic diseases: a practical overview
Buonocore, M. R. (2021) · Annals of Gastroenterology · doi:10.20524/aog.2021.0580 · Cited by 10
Compliance with evidence-based clinical guidelines in the management of acute biliary pancreatitis: the MANCTRA-1 study protocol
Podda, M., Pellino, G., Coccolini, F., Gerardi, C., Saverio, S. D., Pata, F., Ielpo, B., Virdis, F., Damaskos, D., Gourgiotis, S., et al. (2021) · Updates in Surgery · doi:10.1007/s13304-021-01118-z · Cited by 10
The EFFect of dietary fat content on the recurrence of pancreaTitis (EFFORT): Protocol of a multicenter randomized controlled trial
Juhász, M. F., Vereczkei, Z., Ocskay, K., Szakó, L., Farkas, N., Szakács, Z., Zádori, N., Wilschanski, M. A., Pandol, S. J., Joly, F., et al. (2021) · Pancreatology · doi:10.1016/j.pan.2021.10.002 · Cited by 10
International multidisciplinary survey on the initial management of acute pancreatitis: Perspective of point‐of‐care specialists focused on daily practice
Lluís, N., Asbun, H. J., Besselink, M. G., Capurso, G., Garg, P. K., Gelrud, A., Khannoussi, W., Lee, H. S., Leppäniemi, A. K., Löhr, M. J., et al. (2022) · Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Sciences · doi:10.1002/jhbp.1201 · Cited by 10
25 mg versus 50 mg dose of rectal diclofenac for prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis in Japanese patients: a retrospective study
Yoshihara, T., Horimoto, M., Kitamura, T., Osugi, N., 池添達朗, Kotani, K., Sanada, T., Higashi, C., Yamaguchi, D., Ota, M., et al. (2015) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006950 · Cited by 10
Predictors and outcomes of acute pancreatitis in critically ill patients presenting to the emergency department of a tertiary referral centre in Australia
Sundararajan, K., Schoeman, T., Hughes, L., Edwards, S., & Reddi, B. A. J. (2017) · Emergency Medicine Australasia · doi:10.1111/1742-6723.12737 · Cited by 10
“6 billion in 2009.(11) Furthermore, AP is associated with mortality rates as high as 47%,(2) with the majority of deaths being attributable to the progression of AP to SAP.”
Background
Hyperbaric Oxygen Ameliorated Acute Pancreatitis in Rats via the Mitochondrial Pathway
Zhao, H., Ge, B., Yuan, Y. H., & Wang, G. (2020) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10620-020-06070-3 · Cited by 11
Gastrointestinal Emergencies
Aliyeva, G. D. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-83375-2.00004-8 · Cited by 10
ERCP for Gallstone Pancreatitis
Schepers, N. J., van Santvoort, H. C., & Bruno, M. J. (2014) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmc1403445 · Cited by 10
American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) emergency general surgery guidelines gap analysis
Schuster, K. M., Davis, K. A., Hernandez, M. C., Holena, D. N., Salim, A., & Crandall, M. L. (2019) · The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care · doi:10.1097/ta.0000000000002226 · Cited by 9
Selective inhibition of soluble TNF using XPro1595 relieves pain and attenuates cerulein-induced pathology in mice
Randhi, R., Damon, M., & Dixon, K. J. (2021) · BMC Gastroenterology · doi:10.1186/s12876-021-01827-0 · Cited by 9
Endoscopic ultrasound diagnostic gain over computed tomography and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in defining etiology of idiopathic acute pancreatitis
Mazza, S., Elvo, B., Conti, C. B., Drago, A., Verga, M. C., Soro, S., Silvestri, A. D., Cereatti, F., & Grassia, R. (2022) · World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy · doi:10.4253/wjge.v14.i6.376 · Cited by 9
CD177 Inhibits Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation and Protects against Acute Pancreatitis in Mice
Zhang, J., Yang, X., Xu, X., Shen, Q., Han, F., Zhu, Q., Wu, K., Gu, A., Wu, D., & Xiao, W. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12072533 · Cited by 9
Gut Microbiota and Antibiotic Treatments for the Main Non-Oncologic Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Disorders
Vincenzo, F. D., Nicoletti, A., Negri, M., Vitale, F., Verme, L. Z. D., Gasbarrini, A., Ponziani, F. R., & Cerrito, L. (2023) · Antibiotics · doi:10.3390/antibiotics12061068 · Cited by 9
Hypophosphatemia as a Predictor of Clinical Outcomes in Acute Pancreatitis
Lee, J. P., Darlington, K., Henson, J. B., Kothari, D. J., Niedzwiecki, D., Farooq, A., & Liddle, R. A. (2023) · Pancreas · doi:10.1097/mpa.0000000000002265 · Cited by 10
Total bilirubin-to-albumin ratio and short- and long-term all-cause mortality in acute pancreatitis: Evidence from the MIMIC-IV database
Yang, X., Zhang, M., Lv, L., Chen, X., & Li, Z. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0323330 · Cited by 9
“…activation further triggers the release of inflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α ) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), which exacerbate local pancreatic inflammation and may induce systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) [3].”
Early Versus Delayed Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy for Acute Cholecystitis with Mild Pancreatitis
Wang, L., Yu, H., Guo, T., Xie, P., Zhang, Z., & Yu, Y. (2020) · Current Medical Science · doi:10.1007/s11596-020-2275-0 · Cited by 9
Effect of aggressive versus conservative hydration for early phase of acute pancreatitis in adult patients: A meta-analysis of 3,127 cases
Liao, J., Zhan, Y., Wu, H., Yao, Z., Peng, X., & Lai, J. (2022) · Pancreatology · doi:10.1016/j.pan.2022.01.001 · Cited by 9
Predicting the Need for Therapeutic Intervention and Mortality in Acute Pancreatitis: A Two-Center International Study Using Machine Learning
Shi, N., Lan, L., Luo, J., Zhu, P., Ward, T., Szatmary, P., Sutton, R., Huang, W., Windsor, J. A., Zhou, X., et al. (2022) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm12040616 · Cited by 9
Efficacy of Combined Management with Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs for Prevention of Pancreatitis After Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiography: a Bayesian Network Meta-analysis
Du, F., Zhang, Y., Yang, X., Zhang, L., Yuan, W., Fan, H., & Ren, L. (2022) · Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11605-022-05352-7 · Cited by 9
Non-linear correlation between amylase day 2 to day 1 ratio and incidence of severe acute pancreatitis
Hong, W., Zheng, L., Lu, Y., Qiu, M., Yan, Y., Basharat, Z., Zippi, M., Zimmer, V., & Geng, W. (2022) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2022.910760 · Cited by 9
The severity and infection of acute pancreatitis may increase the risk of bleeding in patients undergoing EUS-guided drainage and endoscopic necrosectomy: a large retrospective cohort
Peng, S., Yao, Q., Fu, Y., Xu, X., Chen, S., Ke, H., Hu, Y., Xiong, H., He, W., Zhu, Y., et al. (2023) · Surgical Endoscopy · doi:10.1007/s00464-023-10059-0 · Cited by 9
Lactated Ringers Use in the First 24 Hours of Hospitalization Is Associated With Improved Outcomes in 999 Patients With Acute Pancreatitis
Lee, P. J., Culp, S., Kamal, A., Paragomi, P., Pothoulakis, I., Talukdar, R., Kochhar, R. K., Goenka, M. K., Gulla, A., Gonzales, J., et al. (2023) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.14309/ajg.0000000000002391 · Cited by 9
Risk factors for diabetic ketoacidosis in acute pancreatitis patients with type 2 diabetes
Li, C., & Li, L. (2023) · BMC Gastroenterology · doi:10.1186/s12876-023-02869-2 · Cited by 9
“AP is defined as the acute inflammation of the pancreas, leading to local and systemic complications, including pancreatic edema, necrosis, hemorrhage or infection, accompanied with pancreatic pseudocyst, pancreatic abscess, and orther organs dysfunction or failure [12].”
Background
Clinical characteristics of three distinct types of pancreatitis with overlapping etiologies: A ten-year retrospective cohort study
Zhang, Q., Fu, Z., Li, S., Ding, X., Zhang, W., Ma, R., & Zhai, Q. (2023) · Pancreatology · doi:10.1016/j.pan.2023.10.023 · Cited by 9
Application of a Machine Learning Predictive Model for Recurrent Acute Pancreatitis
Ren, W., Zou, K., Chen, Y., Huang, S., Luo, B., Jiang, J., Zhang, W., Shi, X., Shi, L., Zhong, X., et al. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology · doi:10.1097/mcg.0000000000001936 · Cited by 9
Tratamiento quirúrgico del seudoquiste de páncreas
Martínez‐Ordaz, J. L., Toledo-Toral, C., Franco-Guerrero, N., Tun‐Abraham, M. E., & Souza‐Gallardo, L. M. (2015) · Cirugía y Cirujanos · doi:10.1016/j.circir.2015.09.001 · Cited by 9
Frequency of Pancreatic Hyperamylasemia in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Positive Patients in the Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Era
Szőke, D., Ridolfo, A., Valente, C., Galli, M., & Panteghini, M. (2015) · American Journal of Clinical Pathology · doi:10.1093/ajcp/aqv020 · Cited by 9
Pregnancy and ketoacidosis: Is pancreatitis a missing link?
Frise, C., Ashcroft, A., Jones, B. A., & Mackillop, L. H. (2015) · Obstetric Medicine · doi:10.1177/1753495x15612330 · Cited by 9
“uncertainty, or if there is no clinical improvement in the first 48–72 h.(8) CT can be performed in pregnancy if clinical need necessitates and magnetic resonance imaging is also an alternative.”
Background
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography complications: Techniques to reduce risk and management strategies
Tarnasky, P. R., & Kedia, P. S. (2017) · International Journal of Gastrointestinal Intervention · doi:10.18528/gii170004 · Cited by 9
Pancreatitis Induced by Cocaine
Chapela, S. P., Paz, S., & Ballestero, F. (2017) · Case Reports in Gastroenterology · doi:10.1159/000468511 · Cited by 9
Fluid sequestration is a useful parameter in the early identification of severe disease of acute pancreatitis
Takeda, T., Nakai, Y., Mizuno, S., Suzuki, T., Sato, T., Hakuta, R., Ishigaki, K., Saito, K., Saito, T., Watanabe, T., et al. (2018) · Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1007/s00535-018-1531-6 · Cited by 9
Acute pancreatitis with abdominal bloating and distension, normal lipase and amylase
Wang, Y., Qian, Z., Jin, W., Chen, K., Xu, X., Mou, Y., & Zhang, W. (2019) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000015138 · Cited by 9
Association of Serum Levels of Silent Information Regulator 1 with Persistent Organ Failure in Acute Pancreatitis
Chen, J., Wan, J., Shu, W., Yang, X., & Xia, L. (2019) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10620-019-05647-x · Cited by 9
Reingresos por pancreatitis aguda biliar edematosa en pacientes sin colecistectomía
Alonso, E. B., Mata, A. M., Trastoy, P. V., Muniz, M. P., Fernández, E. L., González, R. T., Espiga, M. G., García-López, R., Pérez‐Pariente, J. M., & Llorente, F. J. R. (2016) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · doi:10.17235/reed.2016.4067/2016 · Cited by 9
The Severity of Acute Pancreatitis According to Modified Balthazar Classification in Patients With Pancreatic Cancer
Konür, Ş., Özkahraman, A., Sürmeli, N., Gündüz, İ., İliklerden, Ü. H., Dertli, R., & Kayar, Y. (2020) · Tumori Journal · doi:10.1177/0300891620948961 · Cited by 9
Introduction and Validation of a Novel Acute Pancreatitis Digital Tool
Paragomi, P., Spagnolo, D. M., Breze, C. R., Gougol, A., Talukdar, R., Kochhar, R. K., Goenka, M. K., Gulla, A., González, J. A., Singh, V. K., et al. (2020) · Pancreas · doi:10.1097/mpa.0000000000001686 · Cited by 9
Acute and chronic pancreatitis in pregnancy
O’heney, J., Barnett, R. E., MacSwan, R., & Rasheed, A. M. (2021) · The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist · doi:10.1111/tog.12725 · Cited by 10
MFG-E8 Plays an Important Role in Attenuating Cerulein-Induced Acute Pancreatitis in Mice
Bu, H., Subramanian, S., Geng, H., Wang, X., Liu, F., Chou, P. M., Du, C., Plaen, I. G. D., & Tan, X. (2021) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells10040728 · Cited by 9
Efficacy of Common Bile Duct Stenting on the Reduction in Gallstone Migration and Symptoms Recurrence in Patients with Biliary Pancreatitis Who Were Candidates for Delayed Cholecystectomy
Hormati, A., Ghadir, M. R., Alemi, F., Eshraghi, M., Dehghan, K., Sarkeshikian, S. S., Ahmadpour, S., Jabbari, A., Sivandzadeh, G. R., & Mohammadbeigi, A. (2021) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10620-021-06904-8 · Cited by 9
Multiple organ failure might be an indication for prophylactic antifungal therapy in acute pancreatitis
Ning, C., Zhu, S., Zhou, S., Lin, C., Li, J., Cao, X., Bonsu, A. A. F. K., Shen, D., Liu, Z., & Huang, G. (2021) · Infection · doi:10.1007/s15010-021-01625-6 · Cited by 9
“The severity of AP was classified as mild, moderately severe or severe according to revised Atlanta criteria: (1) mild AP (MAP) was defined by the absence of organ failure (OF) and local/ systemic complications, (2) moderately severe AP (MSAP) was defined by the OF that resolves within 48 h (transient OF) and/or local…”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Corticosteroid treatment for acute/acute-on-chronic experimental and naturally occurring pancreatitis in several species: a scoping review to inform possible use in dogs
Bjørnkjær-Nielsen, K.-A., & Bjørnvad, C. R. (2021) · Acta veterinaria Scandinavica · doi:10.1186/s13028-021-00592-0 · Cited by 9
Glucocorticoids in acute pancreatitis: a propensity score matching analysis
Wang, M., Jiang, Z., & Liang, H. (2021) · BMC Gastroenterology · doi:10.1186/s12876-021-01907-1 · Cited by 9
“Management of AP Initially, all patients were treated conservatively as recommended in the guidelines [21, 22].”
Method
Role of Extrapancreatic Necrosis Volume in Assessing the Severity and Predicting the Outcomes of Severe Acute Pancreatitis
Fu, B., Feng, H., Gao, F., & Fu, X. (2021) · International Journal of General Medicine · doi:10.2147/ijgm.s338658 · Cited by 9
“Computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) also could not provide sufficient information to determine the severity since necrosis does not develop in the early stage.(4) Therefore, these scores have shortcomings in clinical applications.”
Background
The Role of Antibiotics in Endoscopic Transmural Drainage of Post-Inflammatory Pancreatic and Peripancreatic Fluid Collections
Jagielski, M., Kupczyk, W., Piątkowski, J., & Jackowski, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2022.939138 · Cited by 9
“In empirical antibiotic therapy, antibiotic agents should be selected based on good organ penetration (Tenner et al., 2013; Working Group IAP/APA, 2013; Arvanitakis et al., 2018; Crockett et al., 2018).”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Optimising fluid requirements after initial resuscitation: A pilot study evaluating mini-fluid challenge and passive leg raising test in patients with predicted severe acute pancreatitis
Jin, T., Li, L., Zhu, P., Deng, L., Zhang, X., Hu, C., Shi, N., Zhang, R., Tan, Q., Chen, C., et al. (2022) · Pancreatology · doi:10.1016/j.pan.2022.07.001 · Cited by 9
NSAIDs do not reduce severity among post-ERCP pancreatitis patients
Kurdi, B. E., Imam, Z., Abonofal, A., Babar, S., Shah, P. A., Pannala, R., Papachristou, G. I., Echavarria, J., Pisipati, S., Jahangir, S. R. T., et al. (2023) · Pancreatology · doi:10.1016/j.pan.2023.11.003 · Cited by 9
Antioxidant drugs to prevent post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis: What does evidence suggest?
Fuentes‐Orozco, C. (2015) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v21.i21.6745 · Cited by 9
Predictors of Severity and In-Hospital Mortality for Acute Pancreatitis: Is There Any Role for C-Reactive Protein Determination in the First 24 Hours?
Almeida, N., Fernandes, A., & Casela, A. (2015) · GE Portuguese Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/j.jpge.2015.05.004 · Cited by 9
ERCP in a cohort of 759 cases: A 6-year experience of a single tertiary centre in Libya
Tumi, A., Magadmi, M., Elfageih, S., Rajab, A.-F., Azzabi, M., & Elzouki, A.-N. Y. (2015) · Arab Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/j.ajg.2015.02.004 · Cited by 9
Recurrent pancreatitis after unremarkable colonoscopy, temporalised by CT imaging: an unusual case
Limb, C., Ibrahim, I. A. K., Fitzsimmons, S., & Harper, A. J. (2016) · BMJ Case Reports · doi:10.1136/bcr-2015-213192 · Cited by 9
Acute pancreatitis: New developments and strategies for the hospitalist
Dick, J. F., Gardner, T. B., & Merrens, E. J. (2016) · Journal of Hospital Medicine · doi:10.1002/jhm.2615 · Cited by 9
“Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common cause for emergency room presentation, resulting in over 280,000 hospital admissions in the United States at a cost of nearly $3 billion dollars annually.(1) In its mildest form it may require a 2- to 5-day hospital stay and an uncomplicated discharge.”
BackgroundInfluential
A body mass index ≥25 kg/m 2 is associated with a poor prognosis in patients with acute pancreatitis: a study of Japanese patients
Ikeura, T., Kato, K., Takaoka, M., Shimatani, M., Kishimoto, M., Nishi, K., Kariya, S., & Okazaki, K. (2017) · Hepatobiliary & pancreatic diseases international · doi:10.1016/s1499-3872(17)60057-2 · Cited by 10
Laparoendoscopic rendezvous may be an effective alternative to a failed preoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in patients with cholecystocholedocholithiasis
Tsiopoulos, F. D. (2017) · Annals of Gastroenterology · doi:10.20524/aog.2017.0210 · Cited by 9
Fluid resuscitation via the rectum ameliorates hemodynamic disorders through adjusting aquaporin expression in an experimental severe acute pancreatitis model
Xie, R., Wang, J., Yao, Y., Qi, M., Huang, S., Zhao, Z., Chen, Y., Yang, Z., Sheng, H., Fei, J., et al. (2018) · Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine · doi:10.3892/etm.2018.6934 · Cited by 9
“In an estimate of 10-20% of patients with AP, the condition deteriorates rapidly and develops into persistent organ failure, further evolving into severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) (1,2).”
Pancreatitis and hyperparathyroidism: Still a rare association!
Thareja, S., Manrai, M., Shukla, R., Sood, A. K., Jha, A. A., Tyagi, A., Upreti, V., Gahlot, G. P. S., & Maggo, S. (2019) · Medical Journal Armed Forces India · doi:10.1016/j.mjafi.2018.11.004 · Cited by 9
“There are a variety of clinical situations that predispose to pancreatitis, and thus, a myriad of etiologies are described for pancreatitis, the most common ones being gall stone disease and alcohol.(1) Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is also a rare cause of both acute pancreatitis (AP) and chronic pancreatitis (CP…”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Endoscopic Diagnosis and Management of Gastrointestinal Trauma
Sealock, R. J., Othman, M. O., & Das, K. K. (2019) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2019.09.048 · Cited by 9
TAFRO Syndrome Presenting with Retroperitoneal Panniculitis-like Computed Tomography Findings at Disease Onset
Yanagiya, R., Suzuki, T., Nakamura, S., Fujita, K., Oyama, M., Okuyama, A., Sugasawa, K., Nakayama, T., Suzuki, Y., Ishizawa, K., et al. (2019) · Internal Medicine · doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.3740-19 · Cited by 9
“We were unable to fully rule out the possibility of acute pancreatitis from severe epigastric tenderness and abnormal CT findings at that time, as acute pancreatitis has been reported to occur without any elevation in the serum pancreatic enzyme levels in very rare cases (10, 11).”
Background
Same-Admission Cholecystectomy Compared with Delayed Cholecystectomy in Acute Gallstone Pancreatitis: Outcomes and Predictors in a Safety Net Hospital Cohort
Berger, S. H., Taborda, C., Woolard, S., Morse, B. C., & Chawla, S. (2020) · Southern Medical Journal · doi:10.14423/smj.0000000000001067 · Cited by 9
Clinical Evaluation of Acute Pancreatitis Caused by SARS-CoV-2 Virus Infection
Vatansev, H., Yıldırım, M. A., Küççüktürk, S., Karaselek, M. A., & Kadıyoran, C. (2021) · Gastroenterology Research and Practice · doi:10.1155/2021/5579795 · Cited by 9
“Organ failures of the patients were evaluated in terms of respiratory, cardiovascular, and nephrology systems according to the modified Marshall scoring (MMS) system [14, 15], and CTSI (Balthazar score) and Imrie score were determined.”
Method
Pravastatin-Induced Acute Pancreatitis: A Case Report and Literature Review
Tarar, Z. I., Zafar, M. U., Ghous, G., Farooq, U., & Shoukat, H. M. H. (2021) · Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports · doi:10.1177/23247096211028386 · Cited by 9
Pancreatic-Portal Vein Fistula: a Rare Diagnosis with Wide-Ranging Complications—13-Year Experience of a Pancreas Center of Excellence
Liu, H., Phillips, A. E., Sholosh, B., Novelli, P. M., Romutis, S. L., D’Alesio, M., Lebowitz, S., Singh, H., Yadav, D. K., Zureikat, A. H., et al. (2021) · Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11605-021-05071-5 · Cited by 8
Postoperative day one systemic inflammatory response syndrome is a powerful early biomarker of clinically relevant pancreatic fistula
Ausania, F., González‐Abós, C., Martínez‐Pérez, A., Arrocha, C., Pineda-Garcés, C., Landi, F., Fillat, C., & García-Valdecasas, J. C. (2022) · HPB · doi:10.1016/j.hpb.2022.08.016 · Cited by 8
Optimising the measurement of intra-bladder pressure in patients with predicted severe acute pancreatitis
Li, L., Zhang, X., Cheng, G., Wang, D., Liu, S., Li, L., Shi, N., Jin, T., Lin, Z., Deng, L., et al. (2022) · Pancreatology · doi:10.1016/j.pan.2022.11.007 · Cited by 8
Cholecystectomy following endoscopic clearance of common bile duct during the same admission
Bergeron, É., Doyon, T., Maniere, T., & Désilets, É. (2023) · Canadian Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1503/cjs.008322 · Cited by 8
Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis: a review
Patel, P. S., & Akshintala, V. S. (2023) · Journal of Pancreatology · doi:10.1097/jp9.0000000000000165 · Cited by 8
Usefulness of Dynamic Assessment of Clinical and Laboratory Factors in Severe Acute Pancreatitis
Jiménez, M. L., Valverde‐López, F., Abellán-Alfocea, P., Cano, M. D. C. F., Fernández-Fernández, E., Martínez‐Cara, J. G., López-González, E., Jiménez‐Rosales, R., & Redondo‐Cerezo, E. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13154412 · Cited by 8
“…or sodium chloride solutions by the time of admission (approximately 2500–3000 mL/24 h), with adjustments made based on comorbidities, urinary outputs, and other clinical or laboratory signs of hypovolemia or fluid overload, as defined in our clinical protocol following main guidelines [12,15].”
BackgroundMethod
Early prediction of acute pancreatitis with acute kidney injury using abdominal contrast-enhanced CT features
Yuan, L., Ji, M., Wang, S., Lu, X., Li, Y., Huang, P., Lu, C. Y., Shen, L., & Xu, J. (2024) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2024.111058 · Cited by 8
Aggressive Versus Moderate Fluid Replacement for Acute Pancreatitis: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Ehsan, M. T., Badar, A., Javed, H., Zahid, A., Aamir, H. S., Cheema, H. A., Ayyan, M., Mustafa, B., Shahid, A., Ilyas, M. A., et al. (2024) · JGH Open · doi:10.1002/jgh3.70073 · Cited by 8
The American Journal of Gastroenterology in 2016: Where Have We Been? Where Are We Going?
Lacy, B. E., & Spiegel, B. M. R. (2016) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1038/ajg.2015.407 · Cited by 8
Acute Pancreatitis: Modern Concepts of Surgical Treatment
Grekova, N. M., Shishmentsev, N. B., Naimushina, Y. V., Бухвалов, А. Г., & No15, C. H. C. U. (2020) · Novosti hirurgii · doi:10.18484/2305-0047.2020.2.197 · Cited by 8
“тяжесть оп предлагается определять в первые часы болезни (24-48 часов), оценивая состояние пациента с помощью интегрированных шкал: Ranson, Balthazar, APACHE-II, SOFA [3].”
Influential
A 25 mg rectal dose of diclofenac for prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis in elderly patients
Maeda, N., Higashimori, A., Nakatani, M., Mizuno, Y., Nakamura, Y., Ikeda, D., Maruyama, H., Morimoto, K., Fukuda, T., Watanabe, T., et al. (2021) · Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1080/00365521.2021.1946134 · Cited by 8
Cholecystectomy for people aged 50 years or more with mild gallstone pancreatitis: predictors and outcomes of index and interval procedures
Blundell, J., Gandy, R. C., Close, J., & Harvey, L. A. (2022) · The Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/mja2.51492 · Cited by 8
Ketorolac and Predicted Severe Acute Pancreatitis: A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial
Shariatpanahi, Z. V., Shahbazi, S., & Shahbazi, E. (2022) · Clinical Medicine & Research · doi:10.3121/cmr.2021.1663 · Cited by 8
Acute pancreatitis
Bell, D., Keane, M. G., & Pereira, S. P. (2015) · Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.mpmed.2014.12.005 · Cited by 8
Diagnosis and Management of Acute Pancreatitis in Pregnancy
Benson, M. V., Goncharov, D. A., & Jain, S. (2022) · Clinical Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/grf.0000000000000737 · Cited by 8
Utility of Ranson score, computed tomography severity index and CRP criteria in risk stratification on the day of hospital admission in patients with acute pancreatitis: A cross-sectional analysis
Hüseyin, D. U. R. U. (2023) · Turkish Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery · doi:10.14744/tjtes.2022.33332 · Cited by 8
Analgesic Patterns and Opioid Administration in Children Hospitalized With Acute Pancreatitis
Gorbounova, I., Tham, S. W., Abu‐El‐Haija, M. A., & Palermo, T. M. (2023) · Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition · doi:10.1097/mpg.0000000000003771 · Cited by 8
Mortality Trends, Outcomes, and Predictors of Portal Vein Thrombosis in Acute Pancreatitis Patients: A Propensity-Matched National Study
Garg, R., Mohammed, A., Singh, A., Siddiki, H. A., Bhatt, A., Sanaka, M. R., Jang, S. N., Simons-Linares, C. R., Stevens, T., Vargo, J. J., et al. (2023) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10620-023-07945-x · Cited by 8
“Although, the overall mortality rate from AP has substantially dropped from > 10% several years ago to less than 2% in recent years [1, 14, 15].”
Background
Measuring low-value care in hospital discharge records: evidence from China
Lan, T., Chen, L., Hu, Y., Wang, J., Tan, K., & Pan, J. (2023) · The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific · doi:10.1016/j.lanwpc.2023.100887 · Cited by 8
Comparison of the efficacy of LTCBDE and LCBDE for common bile duct stones: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Zheng, B., Lu, Y., Li, E., Bai, Z., Zhang, K., & Li, J. (2025) · Frontiers in Surgery · doi:10.3389/fsurg.2024.1412334 · Cited by 8
Sulfasalazine inhibits inflammation and fibrogenesis in pancreas via NF-κB signaling pathway in rats with oxidative stress-induced pancreatic injury
Yan, M.-X., Wang, Y., Tian, F.-L., Fan, J., Wang, L., Kuang, R.-G., & Li, Y. (2016) · Drug Design Development and Therapy · doi:10.2147/dddt.s107679 · Cited by 8
“Introduction Acute or chronic inflammatory cells infiltration in pancreas tissues is a typical pathological characteristic in acute or chronic pancreatitis.(1,2) Fibrogenesis is temporary in acute pancreatitis but persistent in chronic pancreatitis.”
Retracted
Value of the revised Atlanta classification (RAC) and determinant-based classification (DBC) systems in the evaluation of acute pancreatitis
Wang, X., Qin, L., & Cao, J. (2017) · Current Medical Research and Opinion · doi:10.1080/03007995.2017.1389705 · Cited by 8
“The parameters recorded for this study were: (1) general information including name, hospitalization number, gender, age, cause of AP and symptoms; (2) laboratory parameters including white blood cells counts, absolute neutrophil count counts, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and glutamic oxalacetic transaminase levels,…”
BackgroundMethod
Brentuximab Vedotin: A Nursing Perspective on Best Practices and Management of Associated Adverse Events
Clifford, K., Copeland, A. R. M., Knutzen, G., Samuelson, E., Grove, L. E., & Schiavo, K. (2018) · Clinical journal of oncology nursing · doi:10.1188/18.cjon.e103-e114 · Cited by 8
Pancreatitis aguda: fisiopatología y manejo inicial
Aguilar, P. Á., & Ramírez, C. T. D. (2020) · Acta Médica Costarricense · doi:10.51481/amc.v61i1.1020 · Cited by 8
Superfluous amylase/lipase testing at a tertiary care hospital: a retrospective study
Aljomah, A. S., & Hammami, M. M. (2019) · Annals of Saudi Medicine · doi:10.5144/0256-4947.2019.354 · Cited by 8
Outcomes of delayed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in patients with acute biliary pancreatitis with cholangitis
Muangkaew, P., Kamalaporn, P., Mingphruedhi, S., Rungsakulkij, N., Suragul, W., Vassanasiri, W., & Tangtawee, P. (2020) · Asian Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.asjsur.2019.11.011 · Cited by 8
Candidemia indicates poor outcome in patients with infected pancreatic necrosis
Ning, C., Zhu, S., Qin, W., Liu, Z., Lin, C., Li, J., Cao, X., Bonsu, A. A. F. K., Shen, D., Peng, M., et al. (2021) · Mycoses · doi:10.1111/myc.13266 · Cited by 8
The Value of Managing Acute Pancreatitis With Standardized Order Sets to Achieve “Perfect Care”
Shah, J., Nwogu, C., Vivian, E., John, E. S., Kedia, P. S., Sellers, B., Cler, L. R., Acharya, P., & Tarnasky, P. R. (2021) · Pancreas · doi:10.1097/mpa.0000000000001758 · Cited by 8
“Processes of care included whether an abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan was ordered in the ED, if appropriate fluids (specifically lactated Ringer's [LR] solution) were administered in the ED, if endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was performed within 24 hours for cholangitis, blood urea nitro…”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
The discriminative power of inflammatory markers in patients with mild to moderate acute pancreatitis: Mean Platelet Volume, Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio, Lymphocyte-Monocyte Ratio, Neutrophil-Monocyte Product
Akoğlu, E. Ü. (2021) · Southern Clinics of Istanbul Eurasia · doi:10.14744/scie.2021.63626 · Cited by 8
Reducing the risk of developing walled‐off necrosis in patients with acute necrotic collection using recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin
Eguchi, T., Tsuji, Y., Okada, A., Inoue, D., Tokumasu, H., Iwane, K., Nakai, Y., Kusaka, T., Uenoyama, Y., Fujita, K., et al. (2021) · Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Sciences · doi:10.1002/jhbp.1015 · Cited by 8
Impact of Different Patterns of Organ Failure on Mortality in Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis
Singh, A. K., Samanta, J., Shukla, J., Birda, C. L., Dhar, J., Gupta, P. C., Kumar, P. M., Gupta, V., Yadav, T. D., Sinha, S. K., et al. (2021) · Pancreas · doi:10.1097/mpa.0000000000001880 · Cited by 8

Authors: Tenner, S., Baillie, J., DeWitt, J., & Vege, S. S.
Affiliations: SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University (US)
Carteret General Hospital (US)
Mayo Clinic (US)
Corresponding author: Vege, Santhi Swaroop
ORCID: Baillie, John
DeWitt, John
Vege, Santhi Swaroop
Venue: American Journal of Gastroenterology
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2013-09
Volume: 108
Issue: 9
Pages: 1400-1415
ISSN: 0002-9270 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2013.218
OpenAlex: W1972516036
Semantic Scholar: 47448440997e168032405b8c54dc2587912c980b
Cited by: 2,327
References: 164
Citations by year: 2026: 110 · 2025: 117 · 2024: 179 · 2023: 256 · 2022: 250 · 2021: 244 · 2020: 220 · 2019: 191 · 2018: 192 · 2017: 175 · 2016: 144 · 2015: 159 · 2014: 82 · 2013: 3
FWCI: 125.98
Type: journal article
Language: en
Update notices: erratum (2014-02-05)
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (unspecified)
Locations: The American Journal of Gastroenterology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pancreatitis Pathology and Treatment
Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gallbladder and Bile Duct Disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine › Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment
Keywords: acute pancreatitis, contrast-enhanced CT, hemodynamic resuscitation, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, intensive care unit admission, intravenous hydration, acute cholangitis, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, post-ERCP pancreatitis, pancreatic stent, antibiotic prophylaxis, infected pancreatic necrosis, sterile pancreatic necrosis, enteral nutrition, parenteral nutrition, pancreatic pseudocyst
MeSH terms: Acute Disease, Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde, Drainage, Gastroenterology, Humans, Pancreas, Pancreatic Ducts, Pancreatitis, Prognosis

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

American College of Gastroenterology Guideline: Management of Acute Pancreatitis

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks