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Caffeine disposition after oral doses
Abstract
Caffeine (TMX) disposition was studied in mean after 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg in water, as mocha coffee (1.54 mg/kg) and as a soft drink (0.22 mg/kg). TMX and its metabolites were analyzed in plasma and urine by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The design permitted confirmation of most of the partial results in various experimental settings and contributed new data on the metabolic disposition of TMX, with specific reference to main dimethylxanthine metabolite found in plasma, paraxanthine (1,7-dimethylxanthine). Different analysis methods were compared for the calculated parameters (absorption and elimination rate constants and renal clearance)to assess the consistency of results. The kinetics of TMX and of its dimethylated metabolites in plasma were described with a model that used an analogdigital hybrid computing system. In addition to providing a comprehensive profile of TMS disposition in the healthy adult, the results indicate tha TMX exhibits dose-independent kinetics at the levels at which man normally takes TMX.
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“The kinetics of caffeine have been reported to be linear in doses up to 10 mg/kg bw (Bonati et al., 1982), whereas a later study claimed non-linearity beginning at doses as high as 500 mg, corresponding to about 7.1 mg/kg bw (Kaplan et al., 1997).”
From Scientific Opinion on the safety of caffeine (2015) · cites this paper as Bonati et al., 1982
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DISTÚRBIOS DO SONO EM ADOLESCENTES: UMA REVISÃO NARRATIVA
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Amor, S. B., Dhahbi, W., Souaifi, M., Ceylan, H. İ., Padulo, J., Vando, S., Ceylan, N. B., Muntean, R. I., & Souissi, N. (2026) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu18101514 · Cited by 3
“In the CAFrinse condition, they swilled an isodose caffeine solution (3 mg · kg − 1 dissolved in 25 mL of water) for 10–15 s and fully expectorated it; testing began immediately thereafter to capture the orosensory-mediated effects documented in previous studies [18,19,30,31].”
Stimulant Reversal of Cognitive Deficits
Wesensten, N. J. (2012) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511783005.007 · Cited by 1
Two Caffeine-Related Fatalities
House, C. J., & Palmentier, J.-P. F. P. (2004) · Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal · doi:10.1080/00085030.2004.10757569 · Cited by 1
Time Dose Relation of Caffeine Ingestion on Muscular Strength and Endurance Performance
Shenoy, S., Sandhu, J. S., & Dutt, I. (2012) · Journal of Postgraduate Medicine Education and Research · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10028-1006 · Cited by 1
Ramakrishnan, S., Laxminarayan, S., Wesensten, N. J., Balkin, T. J., & Jaques Reifman, A. (2015) · Cited by 2
THE EFFECT OF ENERGY DRINK INGESTION ON 5-KM RUNNING PERFORMANCE IN RECREATIONAL ENDURANCE RUNNERS
Prins, P. (2015) · D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh) · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Bonati, M., Latini, R., Galletti, F., Young, J. F., Tognoni, G., & Garattini, S.
- Affiliations
- National Center for Toxicological Research (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bonati, Maurizio
- Venue
- Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1982-07
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 98-106
- ISSN
- 0009-9236 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-6535
- OpenAlex
- W2047855828
- Cited by
- 353
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 8.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Coffee research and impacts
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Plant-based Medicinal Research
- Keywords
- caffeine, oral administration, caffeine metabolites, paraxanthine, 1,7-dimethylxanthine, dimethylxanthines, absorption rate constant, elimination rate constant, renal clearance, plasma kinetics, coffee, soft drinks, pharmacokinetic modeling
- MeSH terms
- Administration, Oral, Adult, Biotransformation, Caffeine, Carbonated Beverages, Coffee, Humans, Kinetics, Male
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