Cited by 97Liver physiology and pathologyImmune cells in cancerDrug-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Protection

Infiltrating monocytes in liver injury and repair

Open access
Brempelis, Katherine J, Crispe, Ian N·2016·Clinical & Translational Immunology

Abstract

Noninfectious liver injury causes many acute and chronic liver diseases around the globe, and particularly in developed nations. Bone marrow‐derived monocytes infiltrate the damaged liver tissue and are a critical component of the innate immune response that may drive injury resolution or host death in the short term or chronic inflammation, fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in the long term. Monocytes often play dual roles in liver injury—both perpetuating inflammation and promoting resolution of inflammation and fibrosis. Thus, we will address the role that monocytes play in different experimental forms of noninfectious liver injury; considering in particular the importance of the transition from inflammatory Ly6Chi monocytes to pro‐resolution Ly6Clo monocyte‐derived macrophages and the consequences of this transition for disease progression and resolution.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/cti.2016.62

Cites

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

The citation lists haven’t been fetched yet

References 104 · Cited by 97

Research works printed but not linked: 90

  1. Lee WM. Acute liver failure. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2012; 33: 36–45. 22447259
  2. Shen XD, Ke B, Zhai Y, Gao F, Tsuchihashi S, Lassman CR et al. Absence of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling in the donor organ reduces ischemia and reperfusion injury in a murine liver transplantation model. Liver Transpl 2007; 13: 1435–1443. 17902130
  3. Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Caldwell SH. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: summary of an AASLD Single Topic Conference. Hepatology 2003; 37: 1202–1219. 12717402
  4. Szabo G, Petrasek J, Bala S. Innate immunity and alcoholic liver disease. Dig Dis 2012; 30 (Suppl 1): 55–60. PMC6412139 23075869
  5. Heron M, Hoyert DL, Murphy SL, Xu J, Kochanek KD, Tejada-Vera B. Deaths: final data for 2006. Natl Vital Stat Rep 2009; 57: 1–134. 19788058
  6. Chen Y, Sun R. Toll-like receptors in acute liver injury and regeneration. Int Immunopharmacol 2011; 11: 1433–1441. 21601014
  7. Arumugam TV, Okun E, Tang SC, Thundyil J, Taylor SM, Woodruff TM. Toll-like receptors in ischemia-reperfusion injury. Shock 2009; 32: 4–16. 19008778
  8. Kumar H, Kawai T, Akira S. Toll-like receptors and innate immunity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 388: 621–625. 19686699
  9. Enomoto N, Ikejima K, Bradford B, Rivera C, Kono H, Brenner DA et al. Alcohol causes both tolerance and sensitization of rat Kupffer cells via mechanisms dependent on endotoxin. Gastroenterology 1998; 115: 443–451. 9679050
  10. Nanji AA, Khettry U, Sadrzadeh SM, Yamanaka T. Severity of liver injury in experimental alcoholic liver disease. Correlation with plasma endotoxin, prostaglandin E2, leukotriene B4, and thromboxane B2. Am J Pathol 1993; 142: 367–373. 8382006 PMC1886727
  11. Uesugi T, Froh M, Arteel GE, Bradford BU, Thurman RG. Toll-like receptor 4 is involved in the mechanism of early alcohol-induced liver injury in mice. Hepatology 2001; 34: 101–108. 11431739
  12. Hinson JA, Roberts DW, James LP. Mechanisms of acetaminophen-induced liver necrosis. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2010; 196: 369–405. PMC2836803 20020268
  13. Wang K. Molecular mechanisms of liver injury: apoptosis or necrosis. Exp Toxicol Pathol 2014; 66: 351–356. 24867271
  14. Brenner C, Galluzzi L, Kepp O, Kroemer G. Decoding cell death signals in liver inflammation. J Hepatol 2013; 59: 583–594. 23567086
  15. Malhi H, Gores GJ. Molecular mechanisms of lipotoxicity in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Semin Liver Dis 2008; 28: 360–369. 18956292 PMC2908270
  16. Yin M, Wheeler MD, Kono H, Bradford BU, Gallucci RM, Luster MI et al. Essential role of tumor necrosis factor alpha in alcohol-induced liver injury in mice. Gastroenterology 1999; 117: 942–952. 10500078
  17. Malhi H, Guicciardi ME, Gores GJ. Hepatocyte death: a clear and present danger. Physiol Rev 2010; 90: 1165–1194. 20664081 PMC2943859
  18. Witek RP, Stone WC, Karaca FG, Syn WK, Pereira TA, Agboola KM et al. Pan-caspase inhibitor VX-166 reduces fibrosis in an animal model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatology 2009; 50: 1421–1430. 19676126
  19. Anstee QM, Concas D, Kudo H, Levene A, Pollard J, Charlton P et al. Impact of pan-caspase inhibition in animal models of established steatosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. J Hepatol 2010; 53: 542–550. 20557969
  20. Huet PM, Nagaoka MR, Desbiens G, Tarrab E, Brault A, Bralet MP et al. Sinusoidal endothelial cell and hepatocyte death following cold ischemia-warm reperfusion of the rat liver. Hepatology 2004; 39: 1110–1119. 15057915
  21. van Golen RF, van Gulik TM, Heger M. The sterile immune response during hepatic ischemia/reperfusion. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2012; 23: 69–84. 22609105
  22. Gujral JS, Bucci TJ, Farhood A, Jaeschke H. Mechanism of cell death during warm hepatic ischemia-reperfusion in rats: apoptosis or necrosis? Hepatology 2001; 33: 397–405. 11172341
  23. Pellicoro A, Ramachandran P, Iredale JP, Fallowfield JA. Liver fibrosis and repair: immune regulation of wound healing in a solid organ. Nat Rev Immunol 2014; 14: 181–194. 24566915
  24. Zimmermann HW, Trautwein C, Tacke F. Functional role of monocytes and macrophages for the inflammatory response in acute liver injury. Front Physiol 2012; 3: 56. 23091461 PMC3475871
  25. Karlmark KR, Weiskirchen R, Zimmermann HW, Gassler N, Ginhoux F, Weber C et al. Hepatic recruitment of the inflammatory Gr1+ monocyte subset upon liver injury promotes hepatic fibrosis. Hepatology 2009; 50: 261–274. 19554540
  26. Hagemeyer N, Kierdorf K, Frenzel K, Xue J, Ringelhan M, Abdullah Z et al. Transcriptome-based profiling of yolk sac-derived macrophages reveals a role for Irf8 in macrophage maturation. EMBO J 2016; 35: 1730–1744. 27412700 PMC5010043
  27. Sheng J, Ruedl C, Karjalainen K. Most tissue-resident macrophages except microglia are derived from fetal hematopoietic stem cells. Immunity 2015; 43: 382–393. 26287683
  28. Mass E, Ballesteros I, Farlik M, Halbritter F, Gunther P, Crozet L et al. Specification of tissue-resident macrophages during organogenesis. Science 2016; 353: aaf4238. 27492475 PMC5066309
  29. Holt MP, Cheng L, Ju C. Identification and characterization of infiltrating macrophages in acetaminophen-induced liver injury. J Leukoc Biol 2008; 84: 1410–1421. 18713872 PMC2614594
  30. Ramachandran P, Pellicoro A, Vernon MA, Boulter L, Aucott RL, Ali A et al. Differential Ly-6C expression identifies the recruited macrophage phenotype, which orchestrates the regression of murine liver fibrosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2012; 109: E3186–E3195. 23100531 PMC3503234
  31. Zigmond E, Samia-Grinberg S, Pasmanik-Chor M, Brazowski E, Shibolet O, Halpern Z et al. Infiltrating monocyte-derived macrophages and resident kupffer cells display different ontogeny and functions in acute liver injury. J Immunol 2014; 193: 344–353. 24890723
  32. Mossanen JC, Krenkel O, Ergen C, Govaere O, Liepelt A, Puengel T et al. Chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2-positive monocytes aggravate the early phase of acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury. Hepatology (e-pub ahead of print 15 June 2016; doi:10.1002/hep.28682). 27302828 · DOI · Paper page
  33. Melino M, Gadd VL, Alexander KA, Beattie L, Lineburg KE, Martinez M et al. Spatiotemporal characterization of the cellular and molecular contributors to liver fibrosis in a murine hepatotoxic-injury model. Am J Pathol 2016; 186: 524–538. 26762581
  34. Beattie L, Sawtell A, Mann J, Frame TC, Teal B, de Labastida Rivera F et al. Bone marrow-derived and resident liver macrophages display unique transcriptomic signatures but similar biological functions. J Hepatol 2016; 65: 758–768. 27262757 PMC5028381
  35. Scott CL, Zheng F, De Baetselier P, Martens L, Saeys Y, De Prijck S et al. Bone marrow-derived monocytes give rise to self-renewing and fully differentiated Kupffer cells. Nat Commun 2016; 7: 10321. 26813785 PMC4737801
  36. Duffield JS, Forbes SJ, Constandinou CM, Clay S, Partolina M, Vuthoori S et al. Selective depletion of macrophages reveals distinct, opposing roles during liver injury and repair. J Clin Invest 2005; 115: 56–65. 15630444 PMC539199
  37. Mitchell C, Couton D, Couty JP, Anson M, Crain AM, Bizet V et al. Dual role of CCR2 in the constitution and the resolution of liver fibrosis in mice. Am J Pathol 2009; 174: 1766–1775. 19359521 PMC2671265
  38. Italiani P, Boraschi D. From monocytes to M1/M2 macrophages: phenotypical vs. functional differentiation. Front Immunol 2014; 5: 514. 25368618 PMC4201108
  39. Varol C, Landsman L, Fogg DK, Greenshtein L, Gildor B, Margalit R et al. Monocytes give rise to mucosal, but not splenic, conventional dendritic cells. J Exp Med 2007; 204: 171–180. 17190836 PMC2118434
  40. Swirski FK, Nahrendorf M, Etzrodt M, Wildgruber M, Cortez-Retamozo V, Panizzi P et al. Identification of splenic reservoir monocytes and their deployment to inflammatory sites. Science 2009; 325: 612–616. 19644120 PMC2803111
  41. Palframan RT, Jung S, Cheng G, Weninger W, Luo Y, Dorf M et al. Inflammatory chemokine transport and presentation in HEV: a remote control mechanism for monocyte recruitment to lymph nodes in inflamed tissues. J Exp Med 2001; 194: 1361–1373. 11696600 PMC2195988
  42. Geissmann F, Jung S, Littman DR. Blood monocytes consist of two principal subsets with distinct migratory properties. Immunity 2003; 19: 71–82. 12871640
  43. Sunderkotter C, Nikolic T, Dillon MJ, Van Rooijen N, Stehling M, Drevets DA et al. Subpopulations of mouse blood monocytes differ in maturation stage and inflammatory response. J Immunol 2004; 172: 4410–4417. 15034056
  44. Passlick B, Flieger D, Ziegler-Heitbrock HW. Identification and characterization of a novel monocyte subpopulation in human peripheral blood. Blood 1989; 74: 2527–2534. 2478233
  45. Rothe G, Gabriel H, Kovacs E, Klucken J, Stohr J, Kindermann W et al. Peripheral blood mononuclear phagocyte subpopulations as cellular markers in hypercholesterolemia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1996; 16: 1437–1447. 8977447
  46. Tanaka M, Honda J, Imamura Y, Shiraishi K, Tanaka K, Oizumi K. Surface phenotype analysis of CD16+ monocytes from leukapheresis collections for peripheral blood progenitors. Clin Exp Immunol 1999; 116: 57–61. 10209505 PMC1905216
  47. Ancuta P, Rao R, Moses A, Mehle A, Shaw SK, Luscinskas FW et al. Fractalkine preferentially mediates arrest and migration of CD16+ monocytes. J Exp Med 2003; 197: 1701–1707. 12810688 PMC2193954
  48. Cros J, Cagnard N, Woollard K, Patey N, Zhang SY, Senechal B et al. Human CD14dim monocytes patrol and sense nucleic acids and viruses via TLR7 and TLR8 receptors. Immunity 2010; 33: 375–386. 20832340 PMC3063338
  49. Wong KL, Tai JJ, Wong WC, Han H, Sem X, Yeap WH et al. Gene expression profiling reveals the defining features of the classical, intermediate, and nonclassical human monocyte subsets. Blood 2011; 118: e16–e31. 21653326
  50. Zawada AM, Rogacev KS, Rotter B, Winter P, Marell RR, Fliser D et al. SuperSAGE evidence for CD14++CD16+ monocytes as a third monocyte subset. Blood 2011; 118: e50–e61. 21803849
  51. Ziegler-Heitbrock L, Hofer TP. Toward a refined definition of monocyte subsets. Front Immunol 2013; 4: 23. 23382732 PMC3562996
  52. Abeles RD, McPhail MJ, Sowter D, Antoniades CG, Vergis N, Vijay GK et al. CD14, CD16 and HLA-DR reliably identifies human monocytes and their subsets in the context of pathologically reduced HLA-DR expression by CD14(hi) /CD16(neg) monocytes: expansion of CD14(hi) /CD16(pos) and contraction of CD14(lo) /CD16(pos) monocytes in acute liver failure. Cytometry A 2012; 81: 823–834. 22837127
  53. Weber C, Belge KU, von Hundelshausen P, Draude G, Steppich B, Mack M et al. Differential chemokine receptor expression and function in human monocyte subpopulations. J Leukoc Biol 2000; 67: 699–704. 10811011
  54. Frankenberger M, Sternsdorf T, Pechumer H, Pforte A, Ziegler-Heitbrock HW. Differential cytokine expression in human blood monocyte subpopulations: a polymerase chain reaction analysis. Blood 1996; 87: 373–377. 8547664
  55. Belge KU, Dayyani F, Horelt A, Siedlar M, Frankenberger M, Frankenberger B et al. The proinflammatory CD14+CD16+DR++ monocytes are a major source of TNF. J Immunol 2002; 168: 3536–3542. 11907116
  56. Skrzeczynska-Moncznik J, Bzowska M, Loseke S, Grage-Griebenow E, Zembala M, Pryjma J. Peripheral blood CD14high CD16+ monocytes are main producers of IL-10. Scand J Immunol 2008; 67: 152–159. 18201370
  57. Zhao C, Zhang H, Wong WC, Sem X, Han H, Ong SM et al. Identification of novel functional differences in monocyte subsets using proteomic and transcriptomic methods. J Proteome Res 2009; 8: 4028–4038. 19514703
  58. Ingersoll MA, Spanbroek R, Lottaz C, Gautier EL, Frankenberger M, Hoffmann R et al. Comparison of gene expression profiles between human and mouse monocyte subsets. Blood 2010; 115: e10–e19. 19965649 PMC2810986
  59. Auffray C, Fogg D, Garfa M, Elain G, Join-Lambert O, Kayal S et al. Monitoring of blood vessels and tissues by a population of monocytes with patrolling behavior. Science 2007; 317: 666–670. 17673663
  60. Serbina NV, Pamer EG. Monocyte emigration from bone marrow during bacterial infection requires signals mediated by chemokine receptor CCR2. Nat Immunol 2006; 7: 311–317. 16462739
  61. Tsou CL, Peters W, Si Y, Slaymaker S, Aslanian AM, Weisberg SP et al. Critical roles for CCR2 and MCP-3 in monocyte mobilization from bone marrow and recruitment to inflammatory sites. J Clin Invest 2007; 117: 902–909. 17364026 PMC1810572
  62. Skinner NA, MacIsaac CM, Hamilton JA, Visvanathan K. Regulation of Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 and TLR4 on CD14dimCD16+ monocytes in response to sepsis-related antigens. Clin Exp Immunol 2005; 141: 270–278. 15996191 PMC1809439
  63. Hanna RN, Carlin LM, Hubbeling HG, Nackiewicz D, Green AM, Punt JA et al. The transcription factor NR4A1 (Nur77) controls bone marrow differentiation and the survival of Ly6C- monocytes. Nat Immunol 2011; 12: 778–785. 21725321 PMC3324395
  64. Haukeland JW, Damas JK, Konopski Z, Loberg EM, Haaland T, Goverud I et al. Systemic inflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is characterized by elevated levels of CCL2. J Hepatol 2006; 44: 1167–1174. 16618517
  65. Roth GA, Faybik P, Hetz H, Ankersmit HJ, Hoetzenecker K, Bacher A et al. MCP-1 and MIP3-alpha serum levels in acute liver failure and molecular adsorbent recirculating system (MARS) treatment: a pilot study. Scand J Gastroenterol 2009; 44: 745–751. 19247846
  66. Antoniades CG, Quaglia A, Taams LS, Mitry RR, Hussain M, Abeles R et al. Source and characterization of hepatic macrophages in acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure in humans. Hepatology 2012; 56: 735–746. 22334567
  67. Bourd-Boittin K, Basset L, Bonnier D, L'Helgoualc'h A, Samson M, Theret N. CX3CL1/fractalkine shedding by human hepatic stellate cells: contribution to chronic inflammation in the liver. J Cell Mol Med 2009; 13: 1526–1535. 19432809 PMC3828864
  68. Aspinall AI, Curbishley SM, Lalor PF, Weston CJ, Blahova M, Liaskou E et al. CX(3)CR1 and vascular adhesion protein-1-dependent recruitment of CD16(+) monocytes across human liver sinusoidal endothelium. Hepatology 2010; 51: 2030–2039. 20512991 PMC2919204
  69. Nahrendorf M, Swirski FK, Aikawa E, Stangenberg L, Wurdinger T, Figueiredo JL et al. The healing myocardium sequentially mobilizes two monocyte subsets with divergent and complementary functions. J Exp Med 2007; 204: 3037–3047. 18025128 PMC2118517
  70. Dal-Secco D, Wang J, Zeng Z, Kolaczkowska E, Wong CH, Petri B et al. A dynamic spectrum of monocytes arising from the in situ reprogramming of CCR2+ monocytes at a site of sterile injury. J Exp Med 2015; 212: 447–456. 25800956 PMC4387291
  71. Heymann F, Hammerich L, Storch D, Bartneck M, Huss S, Russeler V et al. Hepatic macrophage migration and differentiation critical for liver fibrosis is mediated by the chemokine receptor C-C motif chemokine receptor 8 in mice. Hepatology 2012; 55: 898–909. 22031018 PMC4533854
  72. Shi C, Velazquez P, Hohl TM, Leiner I, Dustin ML, Pamer EG. Monocyte trafficking to hepatic sites of bacterial infection is chemokine independent and directed by focal intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression. J Immunol 2010; 184: 6266–6274. 20435926 PMC2921650
  73. Yang L, Han Z, Tian L, Mai P, Zhang Y, Wang L et al. Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2 and 3 mediate bone marrow-derived monocyte/macrophage motility in cholestatic liver injury in mice. Sci Rep 2015; 5: 13423. 26324256 PMC4555045
  74. Debien E, Mayol K, Biajoux V, Daussy C, De Aguero MG, Taillardet M et al. S1PR5 is pivotal for the homeostasis of patrolling monocytes. Eur J Immunol 2013; 43: 1667–1675. 23519784
  75. Affo S, Rodrigo-Torres D, Blaya D, Morales-Ibanez O, Coll M, Millan C et al. Chemokine receptor Ccr6 deficiency alters hepatic inflammatory cell recruitment and promotes liver inflammation and fibrosis. PLoS ONE 2015; 10: e0145147. 26691857 PMC4687007
  76. Kohyama M, Matsuoka S, Shida K, Sugihara F, Aoshi T, Kishida K et al. Monocyte infiltration into obese and fibrilized tissues is regulated by PILRalpha. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46: 1214–1223. 26840635
  77. Zamara E, Galastri S, Aleffi S, Petrai I, Aragno M, Mastrocola R et al. Prevention of severe toxic liver injury and oxidative stress in MCP-1-deficient mice. J Hepatol 2007; 46: 230–238. 17125873
  78. Tacke F, Ginhoux F, Jakubzick C, van Rooijen N, Merad M, Randolph GJ. Immature monocytes acquire antigens from other cells in the bone marrow and present them to T cells after maturing in the periphery. J Exp Med 2006; 203: 583–597. 16492803 PMC2118235
  79. Galastri S, Zamara E, Milani S, Novo E, Provenzano A, Delogu W et al. Lack of CC chemokine ligand 2 differentially affects inflammation and fibrosis according to the genetic background in a murine model of steatohepatitis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2012; 123: 459–471. 22545719 PMC3369401
  80. Elsegood CL, Chan CW, Degli-Esposti MA, Wikstrom ME, Domenichini A, Lazarus K et al. Kupffer cell-monocyte communication is essential for initiating murine liver progenitor cell-mediated liver regeneration. Hepatology 2015; 62: 1272–1284. 26173184
  81. Baeck C, Wehr A, Karlmark KR, Heymann F, Vucur M, Gassler N et al. Pharmacological inhibition of the chemokine CCL2 (MCP-1) diminishes liver macrophage infiltration and steatohepatitis in chronic hepatic injury. Gut 2012; 61: 416–426. 21813474
  82. Ehling J, Bartneck M, Wei X, Gremse F, Fech V, Mockel D et al. CCL2-dependent infiltrating macrophages promote angiogenesis in progressive liver fibrosis. Gut 2014; 63: 1960–1971. 24561613 PMC4216733
  83. Seki E, de Minicis S, Inokuchi S, Taura K, Miyai K, van Rooijen N et al. CCR2 promotes hepatic fibrosis in mice. Hepatology 2009; 50: 185–197. 19441102 PMC2705470
  84. Rantakari P, Patten DA, Valtonen J, Karikoski M, Gerke H, Dawes H et al. Stabilin-1 expression defines a subset of macrophages that mediate tissue homeostasis and prevent fibrosis in chronic liver injury. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2016; 113: 9298–9303. 27474165 PMC4995933
  85. Liaskou E, Zimmermann HW, Li KK, Oo YH, Suresh S, Stamataki Z et al. Monocyte subsets in human liver disease show distinct phenotypic and functional characteristics. Hepatology 2013; 57: 385–398. 22911542 PMC4194426
  86. Wang J, Kubes P. A reservoir of mature cavity macrophages that can rapidly invade visceral organs to affect tissue repair. Cell 2016; 165: 668–678. 27062926
  87. Karlmark KR, Zimmermann HW, Roderburg C, Gassler N, Wasmuth HE, Luedde T et al. The fractalkine receptor CX(3)CR1 protects against liver fibrosis by controlling differentiation and survival of infiltrating hepatic monocytes. Hepatology 2010; 52: 1769–1782. 21038415
  88. MacDonald KP, Palmer JS, Cronau S, Seppanen E, Olver S, Raffelt NC et al. An antibody against the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor depletes the resident subset of monocytes and tissue- and tumor-associated macrophages but does not inhibit inflammation. Blood 2010; 116: 3955–3963. 20682855
  89. Stutchfield BM, Antoine DJ, Mackinnon AC, Gow DJ, Bain CC, Hawley CA et al. CSF1 restores innate immunity after liver injury in mice and serum levels indicate outcomes of patients with acute liver failure. Gastroenterology 2015; 149: 1896–1909 e1814. 26344055 PMC4672154
  90. Hanna RN, Shaked I, Hubbeling HG, Punt JA, Wu R, Herrley E et al. NR4A1 (Nur77) deletion polarizes macrophages toward an inflammatory phenotype and increases atherosclerosis. Circ Res 2012; 110: 416–427. 22194622 PMC3309661

Authors
Brempelis, K. J., & Crispe, I. N.
Affiliations
University of Washington Medical Center (US)
Corresponding author
Crispe, Ian N
Venue
Clinical & Translational Immunology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2016-11
Volume
5
Issue
11
Pages
e113-e113
ISSN
2050-0068 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2546644646
Cited by
97
References
104
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 9
FWCI
1.29
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Clinical & Translational Immunology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver physiology and pathology
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune cells in cancer
  • Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Protection
Keywords
monocytes, liver injury, liver repair, Ly6Chi monocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages, innate immunity, liver fibrosis, chronic inflammation, hepatocellular carcinoma, inflammation resolution

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review