Retractions caused by honest mistakes are extremely stressful, say researchers
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Some mistakes stem from honest miscalculations, misinterpretations, or technical oversights, while others arise from fraudulent practices including data fabrication, image manipulation, and methodological misreporting.
“Some mistakes stem from honest miscalculations, misinterpretations, or technical oversights, while others arise from fraudulent practices, including data fabrication, image manipulation, and methodological misreporting (Conroy, 2025).”
From AI for scientific integrity: detecting ethical breaches, errors, and misconduct in manuscripts (2025) · cites this paper as Conroy, 2025
Cites
Misconduct accounts for the majority of retracted scientific publications
Fang, F. C., Steen, R. G., & Casadevall, A. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1212247109 · Cited by 1,232 · see citing works
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AI for scientific integrity: detecting ethical breaches, errors, and misconduct in manuscripts
Pellegrina, D., & Helmy, M. (2025) · Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.3389/frai.2025.1644098 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
- Authors
- Conroy, G.
- Corresponding author
- Conroy, Gemma
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2025-01-14
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W4406370584
- Cited by
- 2
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2
- Type
- retraction
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Academic integrity and plagiarism
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Information Systems and Management › Academic Publishing and Open Access
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History and Philosophy of Science › Publishing and Scholarly Communication
- Keywords
- emotional impact, scholarly publishing, research integrity, retraction policy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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