The DOI matches its Crossref record; 34 of the 35 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Twelve-year analysis of microbial keratitis trends at a UK tertiary hospital
Open accessAbstract
PurposeTo investigate the frequencies, trends, and in vitro drug susceptibilities of the causative pathogens in microbial keratitis in Manchester Royal Eye Hospital.Patients and methodsCorneal scrape results recorded by the microbiology service between 2004 and 2015 were extracted from an established database. A total of 4229 corneal scrape specimens were identified from an established database. First-line antibiotic treatment in our centre during the study period was ofloxacin and second line was cefuroxime and gentamicin.ResultsMean age was 45.9±21.0. A total of 1379 samples (32.6%) were culture positive. One hundred forty-eight (10.7%) specimens cultured multiple organisms. Of the 1539 organisms identified, 63.3% were Gram-positive bacteria, 27.3% Gram-negative bacteria, 7.1% fungi, and 2.3% Acanthamoebae. A decreasing trend in Gram-positive isolates was found together with a stable trend in Gram negatives and an increasing trend in Acanthamoeba and fungi. There appeared to be a significant increasing trend of Moraxella infection (P=0.001). In all, 83.1 and 90.8% of Gram-positive and -negative isolates tested were susceptible to ofloxacin, respectively. Cefuroxime covered 86.6% of Gram-positive and 61.4% of Gram-negative isolates, whereas gentamicin covered 88.8 and 96.5% of Gram-positive and -negative isolates, respectively.ConclusionWe found a change in the type of Gram-negative organisms isolated over time, with the Moraxella species on the rise. Reassuringly, no significant increase in resistance was observed in vitro for any of the commonly used antibiotics. Ofloxacin remains a good first-line antibiotic treatment but duo-therapy does have broader coverage and should be considered in non-responsive cases.
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“However, a large retrospective survey conducted in the U.K between 2004 and 2015 showed a rise in the annual incidence of fungal keratitis as percentage of all cases of microbial keratitis from 5.2% in 2004 to 9.5% in 2015 [156].”
From Global and Multi-National Prevalence of Fungal Diseases-Estimate Precision (2017) · cites this paper as [156]
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Epidemiology and aetiological diagnosis of corneal ulceration in Madurai, south India
Srinivasan, M., Gonzales, C. A., George, C., Cevallos, V., Mascarenhas, J. M., Asokan, B., Wilkins, J. H., Smolin, G., & Whitcher, J. P. (1997) · British Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1136/bjo.81.11.965 · Cited by 663
Acanthamoeba Keratitis: Diagnosis and Treatment Update 2009
Dart, J. K. G., Saw, V. P. J., & Kilvington, S. (2009) · American Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2009.06.009 · Cited by 504
Shifting trends in bacterial keratitis in South Florida and emerging resistance to fluoroquinolones
Alexandrakis, G. (2000) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(00)00179-2 · Cited by 445
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Emerging fluoroquinolone resistance in bacterial keratitis
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Efficacy of Ofloxacin vs Cefazolin and Tobramycin in the Therapy for Bacterial Keratitis
O'Brien, T. P. (1995) · Archives of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/archopht.1995.01100100045026 · Cited by 237
Update on Acanthamoeba Keratitis
Maycock, N. J. R., & Jayaswal, R. (2016) · Cornea · doi:10.1097/ico.0000000000000804 · Cited by 226
Microbial keratitis in Hong Kong: relationship to climate, environment and contact-lens disinfection
Houang, E. T. S., Lam, D. S. C., Fan, D. S. P., & SEAL, D. V. (2001) · Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.1016/s0035-9203(01)90180-4 · Cited by 219
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Fungal Keratitis: Emerging Trends and Treatment Outcomes
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Sorted by citations
Global and Multi-National Prevalence of Fungal Diseases-Estimate Precision
Bongomin, F., Gago, S., Oladele, R., & Denning, D. (2017) · Journal of Fungi · doi:10.3390/jof3040057 · Cited by 2,953
Ung, L., Bispo, P. J. M., Shanbhag, S. S., Gilmore, M. S., & Chodosh, J. (2018) · Survey of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2018.12.003 · Cited by 560
Ting, D. S. J., Ho, C. S., Deshmukh, R., Said, D. G., & Dua, H. S. (2021) · Eye · doi:10.1038/s41433-020-01339-3 · Cited by 535
Ting, D. S. J., Ho, C. S., Cairns, J. E., Elsahn, A. F., Al-Aqaba, M. A., Boswell, T. C., Said, D. G., & Dua, H. S. (2020) · British Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-316128 · Cited by 167
Mycotic Keratitis—A Global Threat from the Filamentous Fungi
Hoffman, J. J. S. L., Burton, M. J., & Leck, A. (2021) · Journal of Fungi · doi:10.3390/jof7040273 · Cited by 155
Metadata
- Authors
- Tan, S. Z., Walkden, A., Au, L., Fullwood, C., Hamilton, A., Qamruddin, A., Armstrong, M., Brahma, A. K., & Carley, F.
- Affiliations
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (GB)
- University of Manchester (GB)
- Manchester Royal Infirmary (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Tan, S Z
- Venue
- Eye
- Published
- 2017-04-28
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1229-1236
- ISSN
- 0078-5334 (ISSN-L)
- 0950-222X
- 1476-5454
- PMC
- PMC5584503
- OpenAlex
- W2608322410
- Cited by
- 136
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 3
- FWCI
- 9.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Eye (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Ocular Infections and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Corneal surgery and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Traumatic Ocular and Foreign Body Injuries
- Keywords
- infectious keratitis, temporal trends, Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, fungal keratitis, Acanthamoeba keratitis, Moraxella, antibiotic susceptibility, ofloxacin, cefuroxime, gentamicin
- MeSH terms
- Acanthamoeba, Adult, Aged, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Corneal Ulcer, Female, Fungi, Gram-Negative Bacteria, Gram-Positive Bacteria, United Kingdom, Humans, Keratitis, Male, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Eye Infections, Bacterial, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Tertiary Care Centers
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- Tan, S. Z., Walkden, A., Au, L., Fullwood, C., Hamilton, A., Qamruddin, A., Armstrong, M., Brahma, A. K., & Carley, F. (2017). Twelve-year analysis of microbial keratitis trends at a UK tertiary hospital. Eye. https://doi.org/10.1038/eye.2017.55
