The contribution of family history to the burden of diagnosed diabetes, undiagnosed diabetes, and prediabetes in the United States: analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2009–2014
Open accessAbstract
Purpose Given the importance of family history in the early detection and prevention of type 2 diabetes, we quantified the public health impact of reported family health history on diagnosed diabetes (DD), undiagnosed diabetes (UD), and prediabetes (PD) in the United States. Methods We used population data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009-2014 to measure the association of reported family history of diabetes with DD, UD, and PD. Results Using polytomous logistic regression and multivariable adjustment, family history prevalence ratios were 4.27 (confidence interval (CI): 3.57, 5.12) for DD, 2.03 (CI: 1.56, 2.63) for UD, and 1.26 (CI: 1.09, 1.44) for PD. In the United States, we estimate that 10.1 million DD cases, 1.4 million UD cases, and 3.9 million PD cases can be attributed to having a family history of diabetes. Conclusion These findings confirm that family history of diabetes has a major public health impact on diabetes in the United States. In spite of the recent interest and focus on genomics and precision medicine, family health history continues to be an integral component of public health campaigns to identify persons at high risk for developing type 2 diabetes and early detection of diabetes to prevent or delay complications.
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Although the global prevalence is rising (estimates range from 11%-14% of adult population), the incidence of type 2 diabetes has stabilized or decreased in most places worldwide.
“Although the global prevalence is rising (estimates range from 11%–14% of adult population), the incidence of type 2 diabetes has stabilized or decreased in most places worldwide.6,7”
From Diagnosis and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes in Adults (2025) · cites this paper as [6]
The Introduction reports U.S. diabetes prevalence and a projected increase in the United States, not a global adult prevalence of 11%–14%. Searches for worldwide incidence trends and stabilized or declining incidence found no passage addressing those claims. The Results likewise concern U.S. prevalence, not global trends. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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Research works printed but not linked: 22
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- Authors
- Moonesinghe, R., Beckles, G. L. A., Liu, T., & Khoury, M. J.
- Affiliations
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- Corresponding author
- Moonesinghe, Ramal
- Venue
- Genetics in Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-10
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1159-1166
- ISSN
- 1098-3600 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6060023
- OpenAlex
- W2786212455
- Cited by
- 34
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3
- FWCI
- 2.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Genetics in Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (CC999999)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Diabetes and associated disorders
- Keywords
- family history of diabetes, type 2 diabetes, undiagnosed diabetes, prediabetes, diabetes burden, attributable risk, family health history, diabetes prevention, early detection of diabetes, public health impact
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Humans, Male, Mass Screening, Middle Aged, Nutrition Surveys, Prediabetic State, Risk Factors, United States, Logistic Models, Early Diagnosis
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