Cited by 459Adipose Tissue and MetabolismRegulation of Appetite and ObesityLipid metabolism and biosynthesis

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Sympathetic and sensory innervation of brown adipose tissue

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Bartness, T J, Vaughan, C H, Song, C K·2010·International Journal of Obesity

DOI 10.1038/ijo.2010.182PMC PMC3999344

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Abstract

The innervation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is incontrovertible and, with its activation, functions as the principal, if not exclusive, stimulator of BAT thermogenesis. The parasympathetic innervation of BAT only appears in two minor BAT depots, but not in the major interscapular BAT (IBAT) depot. BAT thermogenesis is triggered by the release of norepinephrine from its sympathetic nerve terminals, stimulating β3-adrenoceptors that turns on a cascade of intracellular events ending in activation of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1). BAT also has sensory innervation that may function to monitor BAT lipolysis, a response necessary for activation of UCP-1 by fatty acids, or perhaps responding in a feedback manner to BAT temperature changes. The central sympathetic outflow circuits ultimately terminating in BAT have been revealed by injecting the retrograde viral transneuronal tract tracer, pseudorabies virus, into the tissue; moreover, there is a high degree of colocalization of melanocortin 4-receptor mRNA on these neurons across the neural axis. The necessary and sufficient central BAT SNS outflow sites that are activated by various thermogenic stimuli are not precisely known. In a chronic decerebration procedure, IBAT UCP-1 gene expression can be triggered by fourth ventricular injections of melanotan II, the melanocortin 3/4 receptor agonist, suggesting that there is sufficient hindbrain neural circuitry to generate thermogenic responses with this stimulation. The recent recognition of BAT in normal adult humans suggests a potential target for stimulation of energy expenditure by BAT to help mitigate increased body fat storage.

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“In addition, this particular depot is the best characterized of BAT depots [94].”
Background
The Art of Chilling Out: How Neurons Regulate Torpor
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“We maintained the focus on IBAT given that this depot is the best characterized of all BAT depots (Bartness et al., 2010).”
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“Thermogenesis is mainly mediated by the innermitochondrialmembrane uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) that dissipates the proton gradient by allowing them to be transported back to themitochondrion, short-circuitingATPsynthaseprocesses, generating heat, and overall activating thermogenesis [15].”
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“…thermogenesis and EE seen in skeletal muscle by removing iBAT, the largest BAT depot in rats, where removal of iBAT is able to induce detectable physiological changes (Bartness et al., 2010b; Gru-newald et al., 2018); the impact of iBAT removal was also probed using the β 3-AR agonist CL-316,243.”
Brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle coordinately contribute to thermogenesis in mice
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“BAT activation unequivocally occurs by SNA initiated at the level of the hypothalamus, whereby the central sympathetic outflow circuits to BAT have been revealed by injecting a retrograde viral transneuronal tract tracer into the tissue (Bamshad et al., 1999; Bartness et al., 2010).”
Background
Photoperiod modulates mu-opioid receptor availability in brown adipose tissuePreprint
Sun, L., Aarnio, R., Herre, E. A., Kärnä, S., Palani, S., Virtanen, H., Liljenbäck, H., Virta, J., Honkaniemi, A., Oikonen, V., et al. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.04.08.487600 · Cited by 2
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Background
Isolation and Electrophysiology of Murine Sympathetic Postganglionic Neurons in the Thoracic Paravertebral Ganglia
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“The fact that the adipose-specific overexpression of p27 results in a similar loss of BAT activity than the full-body ablation of p27, suggests that the impairment of BAT activity in these mice could be secondary to the alterations induced by the lack of p27 in other tissues/systems with key roles in controlling the t…”
Background
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Authors: Bartness, T. J., Vaughan, C. H., & Song, C. K.
Affiliations: Georgia State University (US)
Corresponding author: Bartness, T J
ORCID: Bartness, T J
Venue: International Journal of Obesity
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2010-10
Volume: 34
Issue: S1
Pages: S36-S42
ISSN: 0307-0565 (ISSN-L)
1476-5497
DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2010.182
PMC: PMC3999344
OpenAlex: W1991845771
Cited by: 459
References: 295
Citations by year: 2026: 17 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 41
FWCI: 2.86
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
www.springer.com/tdm (vor)
Locations: International Journal of Obesity (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R37DK35254, R37DK035254)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
Keywords: brown adipose tissue, sympathetic innervation, parasympathetic innervation, thermogenesis, norepinephrine, beta3-adrenergic receptor, UCP1, sensory innervation, melanocortin-4 receptor, melanotan II, energy expenditure, pseudorabies virus tracing
MeSH terms: Uncoupling Protein 1, Animals, Adipose Tissue, Brown, Humans, Ion Channels, Sympathetic Nervous System, Thermogenesis, Mitochondrial Proteins

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Sympathetic and sensory innervation of brown adipose tissue

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