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Experimental realization of the quantum universal NOT gate
Abstract
In classical computation, a 'bit' of information can be flipped (that is, changed in value from zero to one and vice versa) using a logical NOT gate; but the quantum analogue of this process is much more complicated. A quantum bit (qubit) can exist simultaneously in a superposition of two logical states with complex amplitudes, and it is impossible to find a universal transformation that would flip the original superposed state into a perpendicular state for all values of the amplitudes. But although perfect flipping of a qubit prepared in an arbitrary state (a universal NOT operation) is prohibited by the rules of quantum mechanics, there exists an optimal approximation to this procedure. Here we report the experimental realization of a universal quantum machine that performs the best possible approximation to the universal NOT transformation. The system adopted was an optical parametric amplifier of entangled photon states, which also enabled us to investigate universal quantum cloning.
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The triad phase is the sum of the three relative phases between pairwise inputs and only affects the outcome if the photons are partially distinguishable.
“This so-called triad phase is the sum of the three relative phases between pairwise inputs (see Fig. 7c) and only effects the outcome if the photons are partially distinguishable.”
From Two-photon interference: the Hong–Ou–Mandel effect (2021) · cites this paper as [144]
Another recent experiment demonstrated additional features unique to multi-partite interferences.
“another recent experiment demonstrated that there are additional features unique to multi-partite interferences [144].”
From Two-photon interference: the Hong–Ou–Mandel effect (2021) · cites this paper as [144]
The triad phase leads to a change in detection probabilities when all three photons are detected in separate output ports and does not affect bi-photon transmission probabilities.
“It leads to a change in the detection probabilities when all three photons are detected in separate output ports and does not affect the bi-photon transmission probabilities.”
From Two-photon interference: the Hong–Ou–Mandel effect (2021) · cites this paper as [144]
Although tritters have been used to demonstrate quantum features in the two-photon regime, only recently have three photon HOM coalescences been observed.
“Although tritters have been used to demonstrate quantum features in the two-photon regime [138,142,143], only recently have three photon HOM coalescences been observed [141,144].”
From Two-photon interference: the Hong–Ou–Mandel effect (2021) · cites this paper as [144]
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Research works printed but not linked: 10
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- Gisin, N. & Popescu, S. Spin flips and quantum information for antiparallel spins. Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 432–435 (1999) · DOI
- Alber, G. et al. Quantum Information: An Introduction to Basic Theoretical Concepts (Springer Tracts in Modern Physics Vol. 173, Springer, Berlin, 2001)
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- Simon, C., Weihs, G. & Zeilinger, A. Optimal quantum cloning by stimulated emission. Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 2993–2996 (2000) · DOI
- De Martini, F., Mussi, V. & Bovino, F. Schroedinger cat states and optimal universal quantum cloning by parametric amplification. Opt. Commun. 179, 581–589 (2000) · DOI
- Lamas-Linares, A., Simon, C., Howell, J. C. & Bouwmeester, D. Experimental quantum cloning of single photons. Science 296, 712–714 (2002) · DOI
- De Martini, F., Di Giuseppe, G. & Padua, S. Multiparticle quantum superpositions and stimulated entanglement by parity selective amplification of entangled states. Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 150401 (2001) · DOI
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Sorted by citations
Experimental demonstration of five-photon entanglement and open-destination teleportation
Zhao, Z., Chen, Y.-A., Zhang, A.-N., Yang, T., Briegel, H. J., & Pan, J.-W. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature02643 · Cited by 602
Byrd, M. S., & Khaneja, N. (2003) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.68.062322 · Cited by 268
Two-photon interference: the Hong–Ou–Mandel effect
Bouchard, F., Sit, A., Zhang, Y., Fickler, R., Miatto, F. M., Yao, Y., Sciarrino, F., & Karimi, E. (2021) · Reports on Progress in Physics · doi:10.1088/1361-6633/abcd7a · Cited by 232
Self-citationExperimental realization of a quantum quincunx by use of linear optical elements
Do, B., Stohler, M. L., Balasubramanian, S., Elliott, D. S., Eash, C., Fischbach, E., Fischbach, M. A., Mills, A., & Zwickl, B. (2005) · Journal of the Optical Society of America B · doi:10.1364/josab.22.000499 · Cited by 128
Metadata
- Authors
- De Martini, F., Bužek, V., Sciarrino, F., & Sias, C.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2002-10
- Volume
- 419
- Issue
- 6909
- Pages
- 815-818
- ISSN
- 0028-0836
- 1476-4687
- Cited by
- 153
- References
- 0
- Language
- en
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
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