The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Growth of early continental crust by partial melting of eclogite
Abstract
The tectonic setting in which the first continental crust formed, and the extent to which modern processes of arc magmatism at convergent plate margins were operative on the early Earth, are matters of debate. Geochemical studies have shown that felsic rocks in both Archaean high-grade metamorphic ('grey gneiss') and low-grade granite-greenstone terranes are comprised dominantly of sodium-rich granitoids of the tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite (TTG) suite of rocks. Here we present direct experimental evidence showing that partial melting of hydrous basalt in the eclogite facies produces granitoid liquids with major- and trace-element compositions equivalent to Archaean TTG, including the low Nb/Ta and high Zr/Sm ratios of 'average' Archaean TTG, but from a source with initially subchondritic Nb/Ta. In modern environments, basalts with low Nb/Ta form by partial melting of subduction-modified depleted mantle, notably in intraoceanic arc settings in the forearc and back-arc regimes. These observations suggest that TTG magmatism may have taken place beneath granite-greenstone complexes developing along Archaean intraoceanic island arcs by imbricate thrust-stacking and tectonic accretion of a diversity of subduction-related terranes. Partial melting accompanying dehydration of these generally basaltic source materials at the base of thickened, 'arc-like' crust would produce compositionally appropriate TTG granitoids in equilibrium with eclogite residues.
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“Such geochemical signatures constrain the minerals present in the metabasite residuum from which the TTG melts separated, with high Sr contents indicating plagioclase-poor assemblages, high La/Yb ratios indicating garnet-rich assemblages, and low Nb/Ta ratios indicating the presence of rutile and amphibole”
From Secular change and the onset of plate tectonics on Earth (2020) · cites this paper as Rapp et al., 2003
In the citing paper
“For example, arguments for steep subduction and slab melting during the Archean have conventionally relied on the requirement of a plagioclase-free eclogite-facies metabasic source rock (e.g.Section 3.4.2),with high Mg# and Cr contents in so-called highpressure TTGs interpreted to represent component exchenge during ascent through the ultramafic mantle wedge (Rapp et al., 2003).”
From Secular change and the onset of plate tectonics on Earth (2020) · cites this paper as Rapp et al., 2003
Citations
Cites
RAPP, R. P., & WATSON, E. B. (1995) · Journal of Petrology · doi:10.1093/petrology/36.4.891 · Cited by 3,329
Self-citationRapp, R. P., Shimizu, N., Norman, M. D., & Applegate, G. S. (1999) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/s0009-2541(99)00106-0 · Cited by 1,825
Self-citationAdakitic magmas: Modern analogues of Archaean granitoids
Martin, H. (1999) · Lithos · doi:10.1016/s0024-4937(98)00076-0 · Cited by 1,642
Growth of early continental crust controlled by melting of amphibolite in subduction zones
Foley, S., Tiepolo, M., & Vannucci, R. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature00799 · Cited by 1,051
Polat, A., Hofmann, A. W., & Rosing, M. T. (2002) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/s0009-2541(01)00363-1 · Cited by 910
Sen, C., & Dunn, T. (1994) · Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology · doi:10.1007/bf00307273 · Cited by 860
Significance of Nb/Ta as an indicator of geochemical processes in the crust-mantle system
Green, T. H. (1995) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/0009-2541(94)00145-x · Cited by 832
The Archaean tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite (TTG) series is not an analogue of Cenozoic adakite
Smithies, R. H. (2000) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/s0012-821x(00)00236-3 · Cited by 757
Rutile-Bearing Refractory Eclogites: Missing Link Between Continents and Depleted Mantle
Rudnick, R. L., Barth, M. G., Horn, I., & McDonough, W. F. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.287.5451.278 · Cited by 546
On Archean granites, greenstones, cratons and tectonics: does the evidence demand a verdict?
de Wit, M. J. (1998) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/s0301-9268(98)00043-6 · Cited by 454
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Martin, H., Smithies, R. H., Rapp, R., Moyen, J., & Champion, D. C. (2004) · Lithos · doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2004.04.048 · Cited by 2,797
Self-citationMoyen, J., & Martin, H. (2012) · Lithos · doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2012.06.010 · Cited by 1,035
Special Paper: Adakite-Like Rocks: Their Diverse Origins and Questionable Role in Metallogenesis
Richards, J. P., & Kerrich, R. (2007) · Economic Geology · doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.102.4.537 · Cited by 962
Laurent, O., Martin, H., Moyen, J. F., & Doucelance, R. (2014) · Lithos · doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2014.06.012 · Cited by 938
Wang, Q., Xu, J., Jian, P., Bao, Z., Zhao, Z., Li, C.-F., Xiong, X., & Ma, J. (2005) · Journal of Petrology · doi:10.1093/petrology/egi070 · Cited by 912
Metadata
- Authors
- Rapp, R. P., Shimizu, N., & Norman, M. D.
- Affiliations
- State University of New York (US)
- Australian National University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Rapp, Robert P.
- ORCID
- Norman, Marc D.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2003-10
- Volume
- 425
- Issue
- 6958
- Pages
- 605-609
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2092151651
- Cited by
- 774
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 34 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 50 · 2021: 53 · 2020: 69 · 2019: 52 · 2018: 43 · 2017: 43 · 2016: 43 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 44 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 32
- FWCI
- 14.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- ANU Open Research (Australian National University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geological and Geochemical Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Space and Planetary Science › Astro and Planetary Science
- Keywords
- early continental crust, tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite, hydrous basalt, Nb/Ta ratio, arc magmatism, tectonic accretion, crustal thickening, dehydration melting, grey gneiss
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