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Palaeolithic ivory sculptures from southwestern Germany and the origins of figurative art
Abstract
Archaeologists have always viewed the origin of figurative art as a crucial threshold in human evolution. Here I report the discovery of three figurines carved from mammoth ivory at Hohle Fels Cave in the Swabian Jura of southwestern Germany, which provides new evidence for the appearance of figurative art more than 30,000 years ago. The finds include the oldest known representation of a bird, a therianthropic sculpture and an animal that most closely resembles a horse. The Aurignacian sculptures of the Swabian Jura belong to one of the oldest traditions of figurative art known worldwide and point to the Upper Danube as an important centre of cultural innovation during the early Upper Palaeolithic period.
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“In spite of the chronological gap, these stylistic similarities are remarkable and may point to a continuing cultural tradition (Conard, 2003).”
From The Challenge of Evolution to Religion (2019) · cites this paper as Conard, 2003
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Metadata
- Authors
- Conard, N. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Tübingen (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Conard, Nicholas J.
- ORCID
- Conard, Nicholas J.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2003-12
- Volume
- 426
- Issue
- 6968
- Pages
- 830-832
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2091859378
- Cited by
- 270
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 56.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Anthropology › Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology
- Social Sciences › Archeology › Archaeology and Rock Art Studies
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Archeology (arts and humanities) › Archaeological and Geological Studies
- Keywords
- Swabian Jura, Aurignacian, horse depiction, Upper Palaeolithic, Upper Danube, cultural innovation, human evolution
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Archaeology, Birds, Cultural Evolution, Biological Evolution, Germany, Horses, Humans, Sculpture, Hominidae, History, Ancient
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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