Cited by 617Electromagnetic Fields and Biological EffectsGeomagnetism and Paleomagnetism StudiesAvian ecology and behavior

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Resonance effects indicate a radical-pair mechanism for avian magnetic compass

Ritz, Thorsten, Thalau, Peter, Phillips, John B., Wiltschko, Roswitha, Wiltschko, Wolfgang·2004·Nature

DOI 10.1038/nature02534

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Abstract

Migratory birds are known to use the geomagnetic field as a source of compass information. There are two competing hypotheses for the primary process underlying the avian magnetic compass, one involving magnetite, the other a magnetically sensitive chemical reaction. Here we show that oscillating magnetic fields disrupt the magnetic orientation behaviour of migratory birds. Robins were disoriented when exposed to a vertically aligned broadband (0.1-10 MHz) or a single-frequency (7-MHz) field in addition to the geomagnetic field. Moreover, in the 7-MHz oscillating field, this effect depended on the angle between the oscillating and the geomagnetic fields. The birds exhibited seasonally appropriate migratory orientation when the oscillating field was parallel to the geomagnetic field, but were disoriented when it was presented at a 24 degrees or 48 degrees angle. These results are consistent with a resonance effect on singlet-triplet transitions and suggest a magnetic compass based on a radical-pair mechanism.

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Background

Authors: Ritz, T., Thalau, P., Phillips, J. B., Wiltschko, R., & Wiltschko, W.
Affiliations: University of California, Irvine (US)
Goethe University Frankfurt (DE)
Virginia Tech (US)
Corresponding author: Ritz, Thorsten
ORCID: Ritz, Thorsten
Phillips, John B.
Wiltschko, Roswitha
Venue: Nature
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2004-05
Volume: 429
Issue: 6988
Pages: 177-180
ISSN: 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/nature02534
OpenAlex: W1999373473
Cited by: 617
References: 30
Citations by year: 2026: 22 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 52 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 28
FWCI: 18.66
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biophysics › Electromagnetic Fields and Biological Effects
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geophysics › Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Avian ecology and behavior
Keywords: radical pair mechanism, migratory birds, geomagnetic field, alternating magnetic field, magnetite, singlet-triplet transitions, magnetic resonance, robins, magnetic orientation, seasonal migration, disorientation
MeSH terms: Animals, Europe, Geography, Iron, Magnetics, Models, Biological, Oxides, Songbirds, Animal Migration, Ferrosoferric Oxide

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Resonance effects indicate a radical-pair mechanism for avian magnetic compass

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