The DOI matches its Crossref record; 51 of the 51 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The role of DNA shape in protein–DNA recognition
Open accessAbstract
The recognition of specific DNA sequences by proteins is thought to depend on two types of mechanism: one that involves the formation of hydrogen bonds with specific bases, primarily in the major groove, and one involving sequence-dependent deformations of the DNA helix. By comprehensively analysing the three-dimensional structures of protein-DNA complexes, here we show that the binding of arginine residues to narrow minor grooves is a widely used mode for protein-DNA recognition. This readout mechanism exploits the phenomenon that narrow minor grooves strongly enhance the negative electrostatic potential of the DNA. The nucleosome core particle offers a prominent example of this effect. Minor-groove narrowing is often associated with the presence of A-tracts, AT-rich sequences that exclude the flexible TpA step. These findings indicate that the ability to detect local variations in DNA shape and electrostatic potential is a general mechanism that enables proteins to use information in the minor groove, which otherwise offers few opportunities for the formation of base-specific hydrogen bonds, to achieve DNA-binding specificity.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Twisting, bending, and shearing of DNA influence local binding in a TF-specific fashion (Rohs et al., 2009).”
From WILDS: A Benchmark of in-the-Wild Distribution Shifts (2020) · cites this paper as Rohs et al., 2009
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“The L1 loop formed contacts with DNA in the minor groove (shape readout) 24 .”
From Mechanistic insights into metal ion activation and operator recognition by the ferric uptake regulator (2015) · cites this paper as [24]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
A Second Generation Force Field for the Simulation of Proteins, Nucleic Acids, and Organic Molecules
Cornell, W. D., Cieplak, P., Bayly, C. I., Gould, I. R., Merz, K. M., Ferguson, D. M., Spellmeyer, D. C., Fox, T., Caldwell, J. W., & Kollman, P. A. (1995) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja00124a002 · Cited by 13,111
Murzin, A. G., Brenner, S. E., Hubbard, T., & Chothia, C. (1995) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/s0022-2836(05)80134-2 · Cited by 6,435
Classical Electrostatics in Biology and Chemistry
Honig, B. H., & Nicholls, A. O. (1995) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7761829 · Cited by 2,891
Self-citationSatisfying Hydrogen Bonding Potential in Proteins
McDonald, I. K., & Thornton, J. M. (1994) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1006/jmbi.1994.1334 · Cited by 2,136
A genomic code for nucleosome positioning
Segal, E., Fondufe‐Mittendorf, Y. N., Chen, L., Thåström, A., Field, Y., Moore, I. K., Wang, J.-P. Z., & Widom, J. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04979 · Cited by 1,492
Solvent Mediated Interactions in the Structure of the Nucleosome Core Particle at 1.9Å Resolution
Davey, C. A., Sargent, D. F., Luger, K., Mäder, A. W., & Richmond, T. J. (2002) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/s0022-2836(02)00386-8 · Cited by 1,490
The structure of DNA in the nucleosome core
Richmond, T. J., & Davey, C. A. (2003) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01595 · Cited by 1,287
Sequence-specific recognition of double helical nucleic acids by proteins.
Seeman, N. C., Rosenberg, J. M., & Rich, A. (1976) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.73.3.804 · Cited by 1,125
Crystal structure of a yeast TBP/TATA-box complex
Kim, Y., Geiger, J. H., Hahn, S., & Sigler, P. B. (1993) · Nature · doi:10.1038/365512a0 · Cited by 1,085
Co-crystal structure of TBP recognizing the minor groove of a TATA element
Kim, J. L., Nikolov, D. B., & Burley, S. K. (1993) · Nature · doi:10.1038/365520a0 · Cited by 1,065
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 901–1,000 of 1,000
Single-molecule imaging reveals DNA shape read-out by the INO80 chromatin remodeler
Linder, G., Horky, D., Zernia, S., & Stigler, J. (2026) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-026-77906-1 · Cited by 2
Electricity and Magnetism at the Cellular Level
Hobbie, R. K., & Roth, B. J. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-12682-1_9 · Cited by 1
Camacho, A., & Salas, M. (2010) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms11125129 · Cited by 1
DNA–Drug Interactions: A Theoretical Perspective
Wanunu, M., & Tor, Y. (2012) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b11691-14 · Cited by 1
Gruber, D. R. (2017) · Western CEDAR (Western Washington University) · doi:10.25710/vbgp-h774 · Cited by 1
Hadwiger, L. A. (2020) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules25245913 · Cited by 1
Regulation of the bacterial transposon Tn5
McLellan, C. (2012) · Scholarship@Western (Western University) · Cited by 1
Ruggiero, E., Lavezzo, E., Grazioli, M., Zanin, I., Marušič, M., Plavec, J., Richter, S., & Toppo, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.915069 · Cited by 1
Memon, A. A., Fu, X., Fan, X., Xu, L., Xiao, J., Rahman, M. U., Yang, X., Yao, Y., Deng, Z., & Ma, W. (2023) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms11102505 · Cited by 1
Du, Z., Huang, T., Li, J., & Uversky, V. N. (2023) · IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM) · doi:10.1109/bibm58861.2023.10385552 · Cited by 1
Deciphering Sequence-Specific DNA Binding by H-NS Using Molecular Simulation
van Heesch, T., van de Lagemaat, E. M., & Vreede, J. (2024) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-3930-6_27 · Cited by 1
He, S., Taher, N. M., Simard, A. R., Hvorecny, K. L., Ragusa, M. J., Bahl, C. D., Hickman, A. B., Dyda, F., & Madden, D. R. (2024) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkae889 · Cited by 1
Abhari, S. H. F., & Felice, R. D. (2024) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.4c04359 · Cited by 1
Wan, B., & Yu, J. H. (2025) · Biophysical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2025.01.005 · Cited by 1
Zhou, Q., de la Paz, J. A., Stanowick, A. D., Lin, X., & Morcos, F. (2025) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkaf592 · Cited by 1
Shulami, S., Hadad, N., Ghrayeb, M., Pomyalov, S., Pazy, Y., Chai, L., Shoham, Y., & Shoham, G. (2025) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-025-08555-1 · Cited by 1
Membrane Composition Modulates Vp54 Binding: A Combined Experimental and Computational Study
Guo, W., Dong, R., Okedigba, A. O., Sanchez, J. E., Agarkova, I. V., Abisamra, E.-M., Jelinsky, A., Riekhof, W. R., Noor, L., Dunigan, D. D., et al. (2025) · Pathogens · doi:10.3390/pathogens14101000 · Cited by 1
Masri, C. A., & Yu, J. H. (2025) · Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics · doi:10.1039/d5cp03629a · Cited by 1
An Investigation on the Fundamental Interaction between Abeta Peptides and the AT-Rich DNA
Zhao, L. N., Zheng, J., Chew, L. Y., & Mu, Y. (2015) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b00957 · Cited by 1
Zhitnikova, M. Y., & Shestopalova, A. V. (2016) · Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics · doi:10.1080/07391102.2016.1255259 · Cited by 1
The Duplexing of the Genetic Code and Sequence-Dependent DNA Geometry
Kasman, A. (2018) · Bulletin of Mathematical Biology · doi:10.1007/s11538-018-0486-3 · Cited by 1
Electric Near-field Modulations of Charged Deoxyribonucleic Acid Nucleobases
Mokkath, J. H. (2020) · Plasmonics · doi:10.1007/s11468-020-01163-1 · Cited by 1
Predicting in-Vitro Transcription Factor Binding Sites with Deep Embedding Convolution Network
Zhang, Y., Zhang, Q., Yuan, C., Qin, X., Wu, H., & Zhao, X. (2020) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-60802-6_9 · Cited by 1
Molecular mechanism of methyl-dependent and spatial-specific DNA recognition of c-Jun homodimer
Bie, L., Fei, J., & Gao, J. (2021) · Journal of Molecular Modeling · doi:10.1007/s00894-021-04840-y · Cited by 1
Nucleic acid folding simulations using a physics-based atomistic free energy model
Mak, C. H. (2022) · The Journal of Chemical Physics · doi:10.1063/5.0086304 · Cited by 1
Das, S., Roy, S., & Bhattacharyya, D. (2022) · Biopolymers · doi:10.1002/bip.23492 · Cited by 1
Intra-Domain Residue Coevolution in Transcription Factors Contributes to DNA Binding Specificity
Luan, Y., Tang, Z., He, Y., & Xie, Z. (2023) · Microbiology Spectrum · doi:10.1128/spectrum.03651-22 · Cited by 1
Correction: Screening for Protein-DNA Interactions by Automatable DNA-Protein Interaction ELISA
Brand, L. H., Henneges, C., ssler, A. S. ⁄., Kolukisaoglu, H. Ü., Koch, G., Wallmeroth, N., Hecker, A., Thurow, K., Zell, A., Harter, K., et al. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/annotation/25496321-a034-46b0-90e4-5af462e8f068 · Cited by 1
The chromatin architectural protein DEK : assessing its chromatin binding properties
Guo, H., Lüscher, B., & Kappes, F. (2016) · RWTH Publications (RWTH Aachen) · Cited by 1
Patient satisfaction with hospital services: development and testing of a measuring instrument.
Mokhtar, S. A., Guirguis, W. W., al-Torkey, M. M., & Khalaf, A. A. (1991) · PubMed · Cited by 1
Marshall, P. R., Zhao, Q., Li, X., Wei, W., Malathi, A., Zajaczkowski, E. L., Leighton, L. J., Madugalle, S. U., Basic, D., Wang, Z., et al. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/641209 · Cited by 1
Hox3 duplication and divergence in the Lepidoptera
Livraghi, L. (2017) · Radar (Oxford Brookes University) · doi:10.24384/rqxg-0c27 · Cited by 1
Armeev, G. A., Kniazeva, A. S., Komarova, G. A., Kirpichnikov, M. P., & Shaytan, A. К. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.01.20.426793 · Cited by 1
Statistical methods for biological sequence analysis for DNA binding motifs and protein contacts
Roth, C. (2021) · eDiss (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen) · doi:10.53846/goediss-8835 · Cited by 1
A new type of transcriptional reprogramming by an IRF4 mutation in lymphomaPreprint
Schleußner, N., Cauchy, P., Franke, V., Giefing, M., Fornés, O., Vankadari, N., Assi, S. A., Costanza, M., Weniger, M. A., Akalin, A., et al. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.12.29.522203 · Cited by 1
Exon-Intron Boundary Detection Made Easy by Physicochemical Properties of DNAPreprint
Jayaram, B., Sharma, D., Aslam, D., Sharma, K., & Mittal, A. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-4359229/v1 · Cited by 1
Cain, B., Yuan, Z., Thoman, E., Kovall, R. A., & Gebelein, B. A. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.09.10.612331 · Cited by 1
Development of dual emissive adenosine analogs for nucleic acid labeling and life sciences
Le, H. (2020) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/7de5f2d5z3a2az45dczad11z200277990dd7 · Cited by 1
Functional Identification and Characterization of cis-Regulatory Elements
Fiore, C. (2015) · Open Scholarship Institutional Repository (Washington University in St. Louis) · doi:10.7936/k70863h7
Structural studies of FocB and Transthyretin
Hultdin, U. W. (2010)
Structural Determinants of DNA-binding Specificity for Hox Proteins
Liu, P. (2012) · doi:10.7916/d8x0654j
Self-citationDeciphering the transcriptional regulation code in colorectal cancer genome
Yan, J. (2014) · Figshare
Vázquez, O. (2014) · doi:10.1002/9783527673223.ch2
Genome, Proteome and the Quest for a Full Structure–Function Description of an Organism
Godzik, A., & Wilson, I. A. (2013) · Encyclopedia of Life Sciences · doi:10.1002/9780470015902.a0003024.pub2
Quinolone Resistance in Tuberculosis Treatment: A Structural Overview
Mayer, C., & Aubry, A. (2012) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/29810
Mechanistic studies of a novel PPARgamma mutant that causes lipodystrophy and diabetes
Astapova, O. (2012) · Human Biology
The secret life of nuclear IGF-1R : functions beyond traditional signaling pathways
Warsito, D. (2014) · Figshare
DNA encoded signals regulate genomic binding of transcription factors
Telorac, J. (2014) · Universitätsbibliothek der FU Berlin Hochschulschriftenstelle u. Dokumentenserver · doi:10.17169/refubium-14219
Machado, A. C. D., Zhou, T., & Rohs, R. (2013) · Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics · doi:10.1080/07391102.2013.786506
Self-citation100 Bridging the gap: from 1D to 3D genomics
Yang, L., Zhou, T., & Rohs, R. (2013) · Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics · doi:10.1080/07391102.2013.786342
Self-citation104 Probing DNA shape on molecular and genomic scales
Zhou, T., & Rohs, R. (2013) · Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics · doi:10.1080/07391102.2013.786346
Self-citationInfrared spectroscopic studies : from small molecules to large
Eremina, N. (2014) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)
Binding of Bisbenzamidines with AT Rich DNA: A Thermodynamic Study
Kilpatrick, N. (2022) · Digital Archive @ GSU · doi:10.57709/2098551
Electrostatics Models for Biology
Sazanavets, I., Cawley, A., & Warwicker, J. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-12211-3_1
Estudis estructurals de complexos de les proteïnes HMG amb DNA
Sánchez-Giraldo, R. (2014) · doi:10.5821/dissertation-2117-95598
Mechanism and engineering of CRISPR-associated endonucleases
Sternberg, S. H. (2014) · eScholarship (California Digital Library)
Data Analytics for Protein-DNA Binding Interactions
Wong, K. (2015) · Conference proceedings/Conference proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics · doi:10.1109/smc.2015.278
On the mechanochemical machinery underlying chromatin remodeling
Yusufaly, T. (2014) · doi:10.7282/t3m90b9z
Tanner, M. K. (2014) · Scholars' Bank (University of Oregon)
Characterization of an unusual phage repressor encoded by mycobacteriophage BPs
Villanueva, V. M. (2015)
Barozzi, I. (2014) · Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca (Universita Degli Studi Di Milano) · doi:10.13130/barozzi-iros-giacomo_phd2014-03-25
Hybrid Methodology for Image Segmentation Based on Active Contour Module and Alpha-Shape Theory
Al-Tamimi, M. S. H. (2016) · Modern Applied Science · doi:10.5539/mas.v10n11p30
Using mutual information to reprogram DNA specificity of LAGLIDADG endonucleases
Laforet, M. (2016) · Scholarship@Western (Western University)
What Does the Future Hold for the Study of Nucleic Acid Modifications in the Brain?
Marshall, P. R., & Bredy, T. W. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801596-4.00009-5
Whsc1l1 Regulates Estrogen Receptor Activity In Sum44 Breast Cancer Cells
Irish, J. C. (2016) · Human Biology
The role of Tyr540 in dimerisation of the FOXP forkhead domain
Perumal, K. (2014) · University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg Institutional Repository on DSpace (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg)
DNA local structure decreases mutation ratesPreprint
Duan, C.-R., Huan, Q., Chen, X.-S., Wu, S., Carey, L. B., He, X., & Qian, W. (2018) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/302133
Banerjee, A. (2018) · Scholarship@Western (Western University)
Ion counting demonstrates a high electrostatic potential of the nucleosomePreprint
Gebala, M. K., Johnson, S. L., Narlikar, G. J., & Herschlag, D. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/514471
DNA shape complements sequence-based representations of transcription factor binding sitesPreprint
DeFord, P., & Taylor, J. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/666735
Biophysical Properties of DNA Minor Groove Binding by Heterocyclic Cations of Varying Structures
Erlitzki, N. (2022) · Digital Archive @ GSU · doi:10.57709/14344822
Context-dependent gene regulation by transcription factor complexesPreprint
Kribelbauer-Swietek, J. F., Loker, R., Feng, S., Rastogi, C., Abe, N., Rube, H. T., Bussemaker, H. J., & Mann, R. S. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/706473
Self-citationInteractions of Heavy Ions with DNA and Radiative Aspects in Physics of Liquid Matter
Zhang, N., Li, M.-R., & Feng-Shou, Z. (2019) · Springer proceedings in physics · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-21755-6_11
Electrostatics and Solvation: Essential Determinants of Chromatin CompactionPreprint
Bendandi, A., Dante, S., Zia, S. R., Diaspro, A., & Rocchia, W. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/785634
Structural and Biochemical Mechanisms of Notch Signal Activation and Inhibition
Jarrett, S. M. (2019) · Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University)
Reconfiguring primase DNA-recognition sequences by using a data-driven approachPreprint
Soffer, A., Ifrach, M., Ilic, S., Afek, A., Schussheim, H., Vilenchik, D., & Akabayov, B. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.09.29.317842
Transcription regulation dynamics
de Jonge, W. J. (2020) · doi:10.33540/73
An unusual nucleosomal sequence pattern is enriched in mammalian genesPreprint
Wright, G. M., & Cui, F. (2017) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/207167
Reghbati, M. K. (2020) · TSpace (University of Toronto)
DNA information: from digital code to analogue structure
Uskhelishvili, G. M., & Hompson, J. M. T. T. (2012)
On exploring effects of coevolving residues on DNA binding specificity of transcription factorsPreprint
Luan, Y., & Xie, Z. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.05.20.445059
Hou, B., Zhang, X., Mao, Y., Wang, R., Jiang, Y., Wu, H., & Zhang, H. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.06.17.448913
Xu, Y., Zhang, Q., Chen, Z., Yuan, C., Qin, X., & Wu, H. (2021) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-84532-2_35
3-(3-Hydroxypropyl)-2,6-dioxo-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrimidine-4-carboxaldehyde Methyl Hemiacetal
Cordaro, M. (2021) · Molbank · doi:10.3390/m1272
A computational study of genomic rearrangements in plants
Demirci, S. (2021) · doi:10.18174/551238
PccGEO: prior constraints conditioned genetic elements optimizationPreprint
Xu, H., Zhang, P., Wang, H., Wei, L., Hu, Z., & Wang, X. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.11.08.467823
Assenza, S., & Pérez, R. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.12.02.470889
Li, Y., Liu, J., & Liu, H. (2021) · ACM International Conference on Multimedia in Asia (MMAsia) · doi:10.1145/3469877.3497696
Tullius, T. D., & Parker, S. C. J. (2013) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.718031852.793480351
(2020) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119309697.ref
(2012) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9783527644506.refs
Metadata
- Authors
- Rohs, R., West, S. M., Sosinsky, A., Liu, P., Mann, R. S., & Honig, B.
- Affiliations
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Columbia University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mann, Richard S.
- Honig, Barry
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2009-10
- Volume
- 461
- Issue
- 7268
- Pages
- 1248-1253
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- PMC
- PMC2793086
- OpenAlex
- W2012627860
- Cited by
- 1,096
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 51 · 2025: 68 · 2024: 73 · 2023: 66 · 2022: 77 · 2021: 76 · 2020: 58 · 2019: 57 · 2018: 55 · 2017: 65 · 2016: 52 · 2015: 76 · 2014: 72 · 2013: 74 · 2012: 64
- FWCI
- 23.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- BIROn (Birkbeck, University of London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- National Cancer Institute (U54CA121852)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM54510, R01GM030518, R01GM054510)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA and Nucleic Acid Chemistry
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Diffusion and Search Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Keywords
- protein-DNA recognition, DNA shape, minor groove, major groove, arginine binding, nucleosome core particle, A-tracts, sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins, DNA binding specificity, protein-DNA complex, hydrogen bonding
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Arginine, Base Sequence, DNA, DNA-Binding Proteins, Hydrogen Bonding, Lysine, Nucleic Acid Conformation, Nucleosomes, Protein Binding, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Databases, Factual, AT Rich Sequence, Static Electricity
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review