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Cited by 797Stellar, planetary, and galactic studiesAstronomy and Astrophysical ResearchAstro and Planetary Science

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 37 of the 40 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

A super-Earth transiting a nearby low-mass star

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Charbonneau, David, Berta, Zachory K., Irwin, Jonathan, Burke, Christopher J., Nutzman, Philip, Buchhave, Lars A., Lovis, Christophe, Bonfils, Xavier, Latham, David W., Udry, Stéphane, Murray-Clay, Ruth A., Holman, Matthew J., Falco, Emilio E., Winn, Joshua N., Queloz, Didier, Pepe, Francesco, Mayor, Michel, Delfosse, Xavier, Forveille, Thierry·2009·Nature
DOI 10.1038/nature08679
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Abstract

A decade ago, the detection of the first transiting extrasolar planet provided a direct constraint on its composition and opened the door to spectroscopic investigations of extrasolar planetary atmospheres. Because such characterization studies are feasible only for transiting systems that are both nearby and for which the planet-to-star radius ratio is relatively large, nearby small stars have been surveyed intensively. Doppler studies and microlensing have uncovered a population of planets with minimum masses of 1.9-10 times the Earth's mass (M[symbol:see text]), called super-Earths. The first constraint on the bulk composition of this novel class of planets was afforded by CoRoT-7b (refs 8, 9), but the distance and size of its star preclude atmospheric studies in the foreseeable future. Here we report observations of the transiting planet GJ 1214b, which has a mass of 6.55M[symbol:see text]), and a radius 2.68 times Earth's radius (R[symbol:see text]), indicating that it is intermediate in stature between Earth and the ice giants of the Solar System. We find that the planetary mass and radius are consistent with a composition of primarily water enshrouded by a hydrogen-helium envelope that is only 0.05% of the mass of the planet. The atmosphere is probably escaping hydrodynamically, indicating that it has undergone significant evolution during its history. The star is small and only 13 parsecs away, so the planetary atmosphere is amenable to study with current observatories.

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Metadata

Authors
Charbonneau, D., Berta, Z. K., Irwin, J., Burke, C. J., Nutzman, P., Buchhave, L. A., Lovis, C., Bonfils, X., Latham, D. W., Udry, S., Murray-Clay, R. A., Holman, M. J., Falco, E. E., Winn, J. N., Queloz, D., Pepe, F., Mayor, M., Delfosse, X., & Forveille, T.
Affiliations
  • Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian (US)
  • University of Copenhagen (DK)
  • University of Geneva (CH)
  • Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
  • Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
Corresponding author
Charbonneau, David
ORCID
Venue
Nature
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2009-12
Volume
462
Issue
7275
Pages
891-894
ISSN
  • 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
  • 1476-4687
DOI
10.1038/nature08679
OpenAlex
W2127054216
Cited by
797
References
40
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 51 · 2017: 46 · 2016: 50 · 2015: 52 · 2014: 70 · 2013: 87 · 2012: 87
FWCI
44.02
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations
  • Nature (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
  • Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • HAL (submittedVersion)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
  • DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
  • Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Instrumentation › Astronomy and Astrophysical Research
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Space and Planetary Science › Astro and Planetary Science
Keywords
super-Earths, GJ 1214b, transiting exoplanets, low-mass stars, planetary radius, planetary mass, water-rich planets, hydrogen/helium envelope, planetary composition, planetary atmospheres, M dwarfs, CoRoT-7b, ice giants, Earth analogs, transit timing variations, orbital eccentricity

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