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Light-cone-like spreading of correlations in a quantum many-body system
Open accessAbstract
In relativistic quantum field theory, information propagation is bounded by the speed of light. No such limit exists in the non-relativistic case, although in real physical systems, short-range interactions may be expected to restrict the propagation of information to finite velocities. The question of how fast correlations can spread in quantum many-body systems has been long studied. The existence of a maximal velocity, known as the Lieb-Robinson bound, has been shown theoretically to exist in several interacting many-body systems (for example, spins on a lattice)--such systems can be regarded as exhibiting an effective light cone that bounds the propagation speed of correlations. The existence of such a 'speed of light' has profound implications for condensed matter physics and quantum information, but has not been observed experimentally. Here we report the time-resolved detection of propagating correlations in an interacting quantum many-body system. By quenching a one-dimensional quantum gas in an optical lattice, we reveal how quasiparticle pairs transport correlations with a finite velocity across the system, resulting in an effective light cone for the quantum dynamics. Our results open perspectives for understanding the relaxation of closed quantum systems far from equilibrium, and for engineering the efficient quantum channels necessary for fast quantum computations.
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“This behaviour was recently verified experimentally in [278], while the analysis for long range interactions, where such bounds can be violated is found in [118].”
From Quantum speed limits: from Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle to optimal quantum control (2017) · cites this paper as [278]
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“For example, studies have shown that quasi-particle correlations spread when a system is quenched from deep inside a Mott insulating phase to the boundary of the superfluid phase [9, 10], and research on XXZ Heisenberg chains has provided insights into how correlations spread in interacting many-particle systems [11].”
BackgroundQuantum many-body scars in the Bose-Hubbard model with a three-body constraint
Kaneko, R., Kunimi, M., & Danshita, I. (2024) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.109.l011301 · Cited by 6
Superconducting state generated dynamically from distant pair source and drain
Ma, E. S., & Song, Z. (2024) · New Journal of Physics · doi:10.1088/1367-2630/ad2131 · Cited by 5
Probing Klein tunnelling through quantum quenches
Bucciantini, L., Sotiriadis, S., & Macrì, T. (2015) · Journal of Physics A Mathematical and Theoretical · doi:10.1088/1751-8113/49/2/025002 · Cited by 7
Loading and detecting a three-dimensional Fermi gas in a one-dimensional optical superlattice
Sheikhan, A., & Kollath, C. (2015) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.91.043611 · Cited by 5
Self-citationEmergent transport in a many-body open system driven by interacting quantum baths
Reisons, J., Mascarenhas, E., & Savona, V. (2017) · Physical review. B./Physical review. B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.96.165137 · Cited by 5
Duval, C., & Kästner, M. (2019) · New Journal of Physics · doi:10.1088/1367-2630/ab3994 · Cited by 5
“, m-independent) initial correlations, followed by a “lightcone”-like spreading of correlations in space and time [31, 32, 33, 34, 15].”
BackgroundEscaping fronts in local quenches of a confining spin chain
Krasznai, A., & Takács, G. (2024) · SciPost Physics · doi:10.21468/scipostphys.16.5.138 · Cited by 5
Quantum Correlations in Field Theory and Integrable Systems
Evangelisti, S. (2013) · AMS Dottorato Institutional Doctoral Theses Repository (University of Bologna) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1302.5836 · Cited by 5
“[2012], Cheneau et al. [2012], Gring et al. [2012]) have observed essentially unitary time evolution on long time scales.”
BackgroundCyclotron dynamics of interacting bosons in artificial magnetic fields
Li, X., & Sarma, S. D. (2014) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.89.224302 · Cited by 5
Büsser, C. A., de Vega, I., & Heidrich‐Meisner, F. (2014) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.90.205118 · Cited by 5
Spatio-Temporal Spreading of Correlations in the Bose–Hubbard Model
Kennett, M. P., & Fitzpatrick, M. (2020) · Journal of Low Temperature Physics · doi:10.1007/s10909-020-02495-2 · Cited by 4
Li, S.-S., Huang, R.-Z., & Fan, H. (2022) · Physical review. B./Physical review. B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.106.024309 · Cited by 5
Contour-time approach to the disordered Bose-Hubbard model in the strong coupling regime
Mokhtari-Jazi, A., Fitzpatrick, M., & Kennett, M. P. (2023) · Nuclear Physics B · doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2023.116386 · Cited by 4
Exotic Ising dynamics in a Bose-Hubbard model
Seabra, L. F. O., & Pollmann, F. (2013) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.88.125103 · Cited by 5
Light-cone and local front dynamics of a single-particle extended quantum walk
Bhandari, H., & Durganandini, P. (2019) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.99.032313 · Cited by 5
Metadata
- Authors
- Cheneau, M., Barmettler, P., Poletti, D., Endres, M., Schauß, P., Fukuhara, T., Gross, C., Bloch, I., Kollath, C., & Kuhr, S.
- Affiliations
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics (DE)
- University of Geneva (CH)
- University of Strathclyde (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Cheneau, Marc
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2012-01
- Volume
- 481
- Issue
- 7382
- Pages
- 484-487
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W1999404512
- Cited by
- 864
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 45 · 2022: 51 · 2021: 62 · 2020: 55 · 2019: 62 · 2018: 68 · 2017: 83 · 2016: 94 · 2015: 82 · 2014: 93 · 2013: 49 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 40.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum many-body systems
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum Information and Cryptography
- Keywords
- Lieb-Robinson bound, ultracold atoms, optical lattices, quench dynamics, nonequilibrium quantum dynamics, closed quantum systems, quantum information propagation, one-dimensional quantum gases
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