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Mating advantage for rare males in wild guppy populations
Abstract
To understand the processes that maintain genetic diversity is a long-standing challenge in evolutionary biology, with implications for predicting disease resistance, response to environmental change, and population persistence. Simple population genetic models are not sufficient to explain the high levels of genetic diversity sometimes observed in ecologically important traits. In guppies (Poecilia reticulata), male colour pattern is both diverse and heritable, and is arguably one of the most extreme examples of morphological polymorphism known. Negative frequency-dependent selection (NFDS), a form of selection in which genotypes are favoured when they are rare, can potentially maintain such extensive polymorphism, but few experimental studies have confirmed its operation in nature. Here we use highly replicated experimental manipulations of natural populations to show that males with rare colour patterns have higher reproductive fitness, demonstrating NFDS mediated by sexual selection. Rare males acquired more mates and sired more offspring compared to common males and, as previously reported, had higher rates of survival. Orange colour, implicated in other studies of sexual selection in guppies, did predict male reproductive success, but only in one of three populations. These data support the hypothesis that NFDS maintains diversity in the colour patterns of male guppies through two selective agents, mates and predators. Similar field-based manipulations of genotype frequencies could provide a powerful approach to reveal the underlying ecological and behavioural mechanisms that maintain genetic and phenotypic diversity.
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“Frequency-dependent sexual selection in favor of rare variants has been observed in vertebrates (55, 56), and such selection favoring rare pigmentation morphs could have driven alleles associated with lighter hair and eye colors to higher frequency.”
From Direct evidence for positive selection of skin, hair, and eye pigmentation in Europeans during the last 5,000 y (2014) · cites this paper as [55]
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Self-citationColoration, Paternity, and Assortative Mating in Western Bluebirds
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Westrick, S. E., Broder, E. D., Reznick, D. N., Ghalambor, C. K., & Angeloni, L. M. (2019) · Ethology · doi:10.1111/eth.12849 · Cited by 15
Prazdnikov, D. V. (2021) · Environmental Biology of Fishes · doi:10.1007/s10641-021-01102-x · Cited by 14
Frequency-Dependent Selection on Female Morphs Driven by Premating Interactions with Males
Bots, J., Iserbyt, A., GOSSUM, H. V., Hammers, M., & Sherratt, T. N. (2015) · The American Naturalist · doi:10.1086/681005 · Cited by 14
Exploratory behaviour covaries with preference for unfamiliar males in female guppies
Lucon‐Xiccato, T., Bisazza, A., & Pilastro, A. (2019) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2019.07.009 · Cited by 14
Bolder guppies do not have more mating partners, yet sire more offspring
Herdegen‐Radwan, M. (2019) · BMC Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1186/s12862-019-1539-4 · Cited by 14
High-resolution characterization of male ornamentation and re-evaluation of sex linkage in guppies
Morris, J., Darolti, I., van der Bijl, W., & Mank, J. E. (2020) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2020.1677 · Cited by 15
Deep learning reveals the complex genetic architecture of male guppy colouration
van der Bijl, W., Shu, J. J., Goberdhan, V. S., Sherin, L. M., Jia, C., Cortázar‐Chinarro, M., Corral‐López, A., & Mank, J. E. (2025) · Nature Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1038/s41559-025-02781-w · Cited by 13
“…female mate preference for rare male patterns probably acts to preserve some variation from the eroding forces of genetic drift and selection 5,13,14 , the genetic architecture underlying the extraordinary diversity in male guppy colour remains mysterious, as does the maintenance of this…”
Mating Preference for Novel Phenotypes Can Be Explained by General Neophilia in Female Guppies
Daniel, M. J., Koffinas, L., & Hughes, K. A. (2020) · The American Naturalist · doi:10.1086/710177 · Cited by 13
Self-citationVariation in Melanism and Female Preference in Proximate but Ecologically Distinct Environments
Culumber, Z. W., Bautista-Hernández, C. E., Monks, S., Arias‐Rodríguez, L., & Tobler, M. (2014) · Ethology · doi:10.1111/eth.12282 · Cited by 13
“Examples include plumage characteristics in birds (Hill 1990; Jawor et al. 2003), color polymorphic lizards (Perez i de Lanuza et al. 2013), and coloration in fish (Seehausen & van Alphen 1998; Kingston et al. 2003; Takahashi & Hori 2008; Hughes et al. 2013).”
BackgroundEffect of induced mutations on sexually selected traits in the guppy, Poecilia reticulata
Herdegen‐Radwan, M., & Radwan, J. (2015) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.09.013 · Cited by 13
Katsumura, T., Oda, S., Nakagome, S., Hanihara, T., Kataoka, H., Mitani, H., Kawamura, S., & Oota, H. (2014) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2014.2259 · Cited by 13
“Although recent studies have indicated which evolutionary mechanism explains empirical phenotypic variation [11,12], the exact mechanism by which related genes influence the variation remains unknown.”
BackgroundHow to generate and test hypotheses about colour: insights from half a century of guppy research
Kemp, D. J., Reznick, D. N., Arendt, J., van den Berg, C. P., & Endler, J. A. (2023) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2022.2492 · Cited by 12
Meta‐analytical evidence for frequency‐dependent selection across the tree of life
Gómez‐Llano, M., Bassar, R. D., SVENSSON, E. I., Tye, S. P., & Siepielski, A. M. (2024) · Ecology Letters · doi:10.1111/ele.14477 · Cited by 12
Řežucha, R., & Reichard, M. (2014) · Journal of Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1111/jeb.12567 · Cited by 12
Ruberto, T., Clément, R. J. G., Spinello, C., Neri, D., Macrı̀, S., & Porfiri, M. (2018) · Zebrafish · doi:10.1089/zeb.2018.1616 · Cited by 10
“60,61 It is still unclear whether the increases in activity and social interactions within the groups reflect attraction, repulsion, or another type of response be-tween the tagged and the nontagged fish.”
Herdegen‐Radwan, M., Cattelan, S., Buda, J., Raubic, J., & Radwan, J. (2021) · Evolution · doi:10.1111/evo.14384 · Cited by 11
“Furthermore, guppies are an established model system for studying the evolution of male ornaments and female mating preferences (Endler 1980; Houde 1997; Magurran 2005; Hughes et al. 2013).”
BackgroundMould, M. C., Huet, M., Senegas, L., Milá, B., Thébaud, C., Bourgeois, Y., & Chaine, A. S. (2022) · Journal of Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1111/jeb.14124 · Cited by 10
“Frequency dependent selection could also favour the coexistence of multiple colour variants, if rare variants are at an advantage with regards to predator avoidance (Torres-Dowdall et al., 2017) or sexual and social selection (Dijkstra et al., 2010; Hughes et al., 2013).”
Martínez, C., Chavarría, C., Sharpe, D. M. T., & León, L. F. D. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0148040 · Cited by 10
“In contrast, maintenance of high variability in the less abundant colours is consistent with the role of negativefrequency selection by females for rare colour patterns [14,63,72,73].”
BackgroundResultLiebherr, J. K., & Will, K. (2015) · Insect Systematics & Evolution · doi:10.1163/1876312x-45042124 · Cited by 10
“Such a situation would result in negative frequency-dependent selection (Hughes et al. 2013), and for chiral antisymmetry, left-right male ratios would hover near 1:1; a condition termed pure antisymmetry (Schilthuizen 2013).”
BackgroundThe developmental and genetic trajectory of coloration in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata)
Dick, C. A., Arendt, J., Reznick, D. N., & Hayashi, C. Y. (2018) · Evolution & Development · doi:10.1111/ede.12268 · Cited by 11
“The more rare of two color types (either colored or uncolored caudal fins) has higher short-term survival (Olendorf et al., 2006) and reproductive success (Hughes et al., 2013) than the more common type.”
BackgroundMales optimally balance selfish and kin-selected strategies of sexual competition in the guppy
Daniel, M. J., & Williamson, R. J. (2020) · Nature Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1038/s41559-020-1152-3 · Cited by 9
Olfactory receptor OR52N2 for PGE2 in mediation of guppy courtship behaviors
Jing, X., Lyu, L., Gong, Y., Wen, H., Li, Y., Wang, X., Li, J., Yao, Y., Zuo, C., Xie, S., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124518 · Cited by 9
Swierk, L., Boyer, J. F. F., Chang, J., Petelo, M., & Drobniak, S. M. (2020) · Evolutionary Ecology · doi:10.1007/s10682-020-10085-7 · Cited by 9
Laplace's demon in biology: Models of evolutionary prediction
Gompert, Z., Flaxman, S. M., Feder, J. L., Chevin, L., & Nosil, P. (2022) · Evolution · doi:10.1111/evo.14628 · Cited by 10
“This has been documented, for example, in cichlids, guppies, stickleback, and stick insects (Hori, 1993; Olendorf et al., 2006; Hughes et al., 2013; Bolnick & Stutz, 2017; Nosil et al., 2018).”
BackgroundYoshikawa, T., Ohkubo, Y., Karino, K., & Hasegawa, E. (2016) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.05.022 · Cited by 9
“Together with the rare-male mating advantage (Hughes et al., 2013) and high predation risk for commonmale phenotypes (Olendorf et al., 2006), our results will shed light on themechanism for themaintenance of male ornamentation.”
BackgroundBorges, I. L., Dangerfield, J. C., Angeloni, L. M., Funk, W. C., & Fitzpatrick, S. W. (2021) · Ecology Letters · doi:10.1111/ele.13929 · Cited by 8
Metadata
- Authors
- Hughes, K. A., Houde, A. E., Price, A. C., & Rodd, F. H.
- Affiliations
- Florida State University (US)
- Lake Forest College (US)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Hughes, Kimberly A.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2013-10-30
- Volume
- 503
- Issue
- 7474
- Pages
- 108-110
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W1979821803
- Cited by
- 169
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 19.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior
- Keywords
- Poecilia reticulata, negative frequency-dependent selection, sexual selection, reproductive success, maintenance of genetic variation, female mate choice, predator avoidance, natural populations
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Animals, Wild, Female, Fertility, Male, Phenotype, Pigmentation, Poecilia, Predatory Behavior, Selection, Genetic, Genetic Variation, Survival Rate, Models, Animal, Rivers, Mating Preference, Animal, Genetic Fitness
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